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  1. Family: Poaceae Barnhart
    1. Genus: Calamagrostis Adans.

      1. Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth

        This species is accepted, and its native range is Temp. Eurasia, New Guinea.

    [GB]
    Habit
    Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes short. Culms erect; 60-150 cm long. Lateral branches lacking. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 2-4 mm long; truncate, or obtuse. Leaf-blades 8-50 cm long; 1.8-10 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface scabrous; rough adaxially; glabrous; hairless except near base. Leaf-blade apex attenuate.
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescence a panicle. Peduncle scaberulous above. Panicle open; lanceolate; continuous, or interrupted; dense, or loose; 8-18 cm long; 1-4 cm wide. Panicle branches scabrous. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled.
    Spikelets
    Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; laterally compressed; 4-6 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus bearded. Floret callus hairs 0.2-0.25 length of lemma.
    Fertile
    Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; with a barren rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; laterally compressed; 4-6 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus bearded. Floret callus hairs 0.2-0.25 length of lemma.
    Glume
    Glumes persistent; similar; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma; gaping. Lower glume lanceolate; 4-6 mm long; 1 length of upper glume; membranous; purple; 1-keeled; 1 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins absent. Lower glume surface asperulous. Lower glume apex acuminate. Upper glume lanceolate; 4-6 mm long; 1.5 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous; purple; 1-keeled; 3 -veined. Upper glume surface asperulous. Upper glume apex acuminate.
    Florets
    Fertile lemma oblong; 4-4.5 mm long; membranous; without keel; 5 -veined. Lemma apex dentate; 2 -fid; truncate; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn dorsal; arising 0.1-0.25 way up back of lemma; geniculate; 4-9 mm long overall; with twisted column. Palea hyaline; 2 -veined. Rhachilla extension pilose.
    Flowers
    Lodicules 2. Anthers 3; 2.4-2.7 mm long. Stigmas 2.
    Fruits
    Caryopsis with adherent pericarp. Hilum punctiform.
    Distribution
    Europe: northern, central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Asia-temperate: Siberia, Soviet far east, Caucasus, western Asia, China, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India, Malesia, and Papuasia.
    Reference
    Aveneae. Fl Pak 1993.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Albania, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Magadan, Manchuria, New Guinea, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, Sakhalin, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia

    Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth appears in other Kew resources:

    Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
    Chile K000308466
    Chile K000308467
    Bretschneider [851], China K000838291
    Henry, A. [5021], Hubei K000838294
    Maingay, A.C. [63], Shandong K000838292
    Savatier, P.A.L. [1468], Japan K000838295
    Lejeune, A.L.S. [s.n.], Belgium K000838313
    s.coll. [s.n.] K000838314
    Forbes, J.B. [397], Shandong K000838293
    Brown, R. [6215], Australia Calamagrostis monticola K000838412 Unknown type material
    Brown, R. [s.n.], Tasmania Calamagrostis monticola K000838411
    Henry, A. [6724], Hubei Calamagrostis henryi K000838287

    First published in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 33 (1788)

    Accepted by

    • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
    • Gamova, N.S. & Dudov, S.V. (2012). Carex laevissima Nakai - new species for the Siberian flora and other new data about flora of the Baikalsky reserve Turczaninowia 15(2): 49-50.
    • Meyer, F.K. (2011). Beiträge zur Flora von Albanien Haussknechtia, Beih. 15: 1-220.
    • Barina, Z. & Pifkó, D. (2011). Contributions to the flora of Albania, 2 Willdenowia 41: 139-149.
    • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
    • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
    • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
    • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
    • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
    • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
    • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
    • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
    • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
    • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
    • Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
    • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.

    Literature

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    • Gamova, N.S. & Dudov, S.V. (2012). Carex laevissima Nakai - new species for the Siberian flora and other new data about flora of the Baikalsky reserve Turczaninowia 15(2): 49-50.
    • Barina, Z. & Pifkó, D. (2011). Contributions to the flora of Albania, 2 Willdenowia 41: 139-149.
    • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
    • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
    • Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
    • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
    • Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
    • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
    • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
    • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
    • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal’nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
    • Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
    • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
    • Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1956). Flora Kazakhstana 1: 1-354. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.

    Sources

    GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
    'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Science Photographs
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/