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  1. Family: Boraginaceae Juss.
    1. Genus: Cordia L.

      1. Cordia myxa L.

        This species is accepted, and its native range is S. Iran to Indo-China.

    [FTEA]

    Boraginaceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1991

    Habit
    Tree 6–12 m. tall, sometimes rather twisted, with young stems hairy but soon glabrous, older with circular petiolar scars.
    Leaves
    Leaves broadly ovate to subcircular, or sometimes obovate, 3–18 cm. long, 3–20 cm. wide, rounded to cordate or cuneate at the base, rounded to shortly obtusely acuminate at the apex, entire or repand-dentate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, glabrous to ± densely pubescent beneath or even velvety; petiole 0.6–3.5 cm. long, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
    Inflorescences
    Cymes in terminal lax panicles, often on short lateral branches, 3–8.5 cm. long, 2–7 cm. wide, axes glabrous to sparsely pubescent; pedicels 1–2 mm. long, articulate at the apex.
    Male
    Male:calyx campanulate, 4.5–5.5 mm. long, 3-lobed, glabrous outside, pubescent to tomentose at apex inside; corolla white; tube 3.5–4.5 mm. long; lobes 5, elliptic, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, reflexed; stamens exserted, the filaments 1.5–3.5 mm. long, hairy at the base; ovary rudimentary and style absent.
    Flowers
    Female:calyx tubular-campanulate, 6–8.5 mm. long, irregularly 3–4-toothed, glabrous outside save for tips of lobes, densely pubescent inside; corolla-tube 4.5–6.5 mm. long; lobes 4–6, elliptic to obovate, 5–7 mm. long, 2.5–3.5 mm. wide, reflexed and rolled up; stamens with filaments 1.5–2.5 mm. long, ± pubescent; anthers sterile; ovary ellipsoid or obovoid, 2.5–3.5 mm. long, 2–2.7 mm. wide; style exserted, 8–9 mm. long, deeply divided into 4 stigmatic branches 4–5 mm. long, flattened and subfoliaceous with irregular or erose-denticulate margins. Male:calyx campanulate, 4.5–5.5 mm. long, 3-lobed, glabrous outside, pubescent to tomentose at apex inside; corolla white; tube 3.5–4.5 mm. long; lobes 5, elliptic, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, reflexed; stamens exserted, the filaments 1.5–3.5 mm. long, hairy at the base; ovary rudimentary and style absent.
    Female
    Female:calyx tubular-campanulate, 6–8.5 mm. long, irregularly 3–4-toothed, glabrous outside save for tips of lobes, densely pubescent inside; corolla-tube 4.5–6.5 mm. long; lobes 4–6, elliptic to obovate, 5–7 mm. long, 2.5–3.5 mm. wide, reflexed and rolled up; stamens with filaments 1.5–2.5 mm. long, ± pubescent; anthers sterile; ovary ellipsoid or obovoid, 2.5–3.5 mm. long, 2–2.7 mm. wide; style exserted, 8–9 mm. long, deeply divided into 4 stigmatic branches 4–5 mm. long, flattened and subfoliaceous with irregular or erose-denticulate margins.
    Fruits
    Fruit yellow, apricot or blackish, ovoid, (1.2–)2–3.5 cm. long, apiculate, held in the accrescent campanulate calyx (0.7–1 cm. long, 1.2–1.5(–2) cm. wide), which is ± obscurely lobed or subtruncate; pulp mucilaginous and sweet; endocarp broadly ellipsoid or ± globose, ± 1.2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, deeply rugose, 4-locular but only 1 seed developing.
    Figures
    Fig. 1/3.
    Habitat
    Naturalised in coastal and other bushland and cultivated; 0–1050 m.
    Distribution
    native of tropical Asia (India, etc.), cultivated and often naturalised in tropical Africa, Senegal to Cameroon, also in N. Africa (Algeria, Libya, Egypt) P T3 T4 T5 T6 U1 Z
    [FZ]

    Boraginaceae, E. S. Martins (Trichodesma by R. K. Brummit). Flora Zambesiaca 7:4. 1990

    Habit
    Small tree up to 10 m. high with spreading crown and long glabrous or subglabrous young shoots; leaf scars very prominent.
    Leaves
    Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5–4.5 cm. long, stout, glabrous or subglabrous; lamina 5–16 x 5–16 cm., broadly ovate to circular, glabrous or hairy only on the nerves above, pubescent to subglabrous but hairy at the axils below, rounded to shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex, obtuse to subcordate, rarely subacute at base, margins entire to slightly dentate or crenate-dentate, leathery, with 3–7 nerves from the base, the middle one with 3–5 secondary nerves on each side, net-veined.
    Inflorescences
    Cymes arranged in few-flowered lax terminal panicles, 3–8 cm. long, sometimes on short lateral branches; rhachis and branches glabrous or subglabrous.
    Flowers
    Flowers variable, apparently all male but probably functionally unisexual and bisexual; buds 4–5 mm. long, obovoid, puberulous or pubescent on the upper part and sometimes brush-like at apex.
    Calyx
    Calyx 5–8 mm. long, narrowly campanulate, irregularly 3–5-toothed, glabrous or subglabrous outside, densely pubescent inside.
    Corolla
    Corolla cream-coloured, glabrous; tube 3.5–6.5 mm. long, cylindrical; lobes 4–6, 5–7 x 2.0–3.5 mm., elliptic to obovate, obtuse at apex, reflexed and ± coiled.
    Stamens
    Stamens inserted at the corolla-throat; filaments 1.5–3.5 mm. long, hairy at the base; anthers 1.8–2.0 mm. long, oblong-sagittate, sometimes sterile.
    Pistil
    Ovary c. 3 mm. long, ellipsoid; style c. 8 mm. long in total length with stigmatic branches c. 5 mm. long, oblong, wide flattened with ± deeply toothed or lobed margins.
    Fruits
    Fruit up to 30 mm. long, ovoid or globose, apiculate, glabrous, yellowish when ripe, surrounded at base by the widely enlarged campanulate calyx; pyrene c. 25 x 12 x 8 mm., more or less subwinged, 1–2-seeded.
    [FWTA]

    Boraginaceae, H. Heine. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2. 1963

    Habit
    A shrub or tree up to 40 ft. high with stout stem, nearly glabrous branchlets
    Flowers
    Cream-white flowers 1/3 in. long in lax paniculate cymes.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    India, Iran, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam

    Introduced into:

    Algeria, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf States, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Maluku, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman, Queensland, Rodrigues, Senegal, Seychelles, Tanzania, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Western Australia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

    Cordia myxa L. appears in other Kew resources:

    Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
    Jan 1, 1988 Scott Elliot, G.F. [5389], Sierra Leone K000418702 Unknown type material
    Jan 1, 1988 s.coll. [s.n.], India K000998070 holotype
    48837.000
    55096.000
    Chevalier, A. [463], Mali K000386759
    Miquel [s.n.], Sumatera K000998040
    Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110159
    Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 889], Nepal K001110160
    Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 889], Myanmar K001110161
    Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 889], Myanmar K001110162
    Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110174
    De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 889] K001110175
    Davey, J.T. [498], Mali K000386758
    Voltaic Research Centre [140], Burkina Faso K000386757
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889] K001110163
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889] K001110164
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110165
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110166
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110167
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110168
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110169
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110170
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889], India K001110171
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889] K001110172
    s.coll. [Cat. no. 889] K001110173
    Harley, R.M. [18983], Bahia Cordia paniculata K000583349

    First published in Sp. Pl.: 199 (1753)

    Accepted by

    • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
    • Shaheen, H., Qureshi, R., Akram, A., Gulfraz, M. & Potter, D. (2014). A preliminary floristic checklist of Thal desert Punjab, Pakistan Pakistn Journal of Botany 46: 13-18.
    • Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
    • Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
    • Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce) Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
    • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo) Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
    • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
    • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
    • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
    • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
    • Autrey, J.C., Bosser, J. & Ferguson, I.K. (eds.) (2005). Flore des Mascareignes 121-126: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
    • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
    • Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
    • Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
    • Verdcourt, B. (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Boraginaceae: 1-124.
    • Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Launert, E. & Pope, G.V. (eds.) (1990). Flora Zambesiaca 7(4): 1-114. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
    • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 1-825. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
    • Taton, A. (1971). Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Burundi, Boraginaceae: 1-82. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles.
    • Riedl, H. (1967). Flora Iranica 48: 1-281. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.

    Literature

    Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • Aubrév. Fl. For. C. Iv., ed. 2, 3: 218, t. 834, 6
    • Berhaut Fl. Sén. 130
    • Fl. For. Soud.-Guin. 490, 493, t. 112, 5.
    • Chev. Bot. 448
    • Hutch. in Kew Bull. 1918: 217, t. on p. 220, 1
    • F.T.A. 4, 2: 14
    • Sp. Pl. 190 (1753)
    Kew Backbone Distributions
    • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots' Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
    • Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
    • Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
    • Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce) Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
    • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
    • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
    • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
    • Autrey, J.C., Bosser, J. & Ferguson, I.K. (eds.) (2005). Flore des Mascareignes 121-126: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
    • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh l?c các loài th?c v?t Vi?t Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà N?i : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p.
    • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
    • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
    • Verdcourt, B. (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Boraginaceae: 1-124.
    • Lebrun, J.p., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
    • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 1-544.
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • Martins in Flora Zambesiaca 7(4): 65 (1990).
    • Warfa, Acta Univ. Upsal. 174: 41, fig. 5/B, 8 (1988).
    • Burkill, Useful Pl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 287 (1985).
    • Meikle, Fl. Cyprus: 1120 (1985).
    • Townsend in Fl. Iraq 4(2): 645 (1980).
    • Edmondson in Fl. Turkey 6: 246 (1978).
    • Taton in Flore du Congo Belge, du Ruanda et du Burundi, Borag.: 16, map. 4 (1971).
    • Riedl in Fl. Iran. 48/15: 7 (1967).
    • Heine in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 320 (1963).
    • Cufod., Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Supplement in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.) p. 768 (1961).
    • Aubrév., Fl. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 3: 218, t. 334/6 (1959).
    • Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 24 (1953).
    • Hutch. in Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1918: 217, fig. on p. 220 (1918).
    • Bak. & Wright in Flora of Tropical Africa 4(2): 14 (1905).
    • Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 124 (1879).
    • Del., Fl. Egypte: 47, t. 19 (1812).
    • L., Sp. Pl.: 190 (1753).

    Sources

    Flora Zambesiaca
    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of West Tropical Africa
    Flora of West Tropical Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
    'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0