- Family: Poaceae Barnhart
Alopecurus L.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is Temp. & Subtropical.
Descriptions
According to GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
[GB]nonem
- Habit
- Annual (16), or perennial (26). Rhizomes absent (23), or short (7), or elongated (10). Stolons absent (39), or present (1). Culms erect (25/36), or geniculately ascending (19/36), or decumbent (5/36); 3-30.77-120 cm long; without nodal roots (2/4), or rooting from lower nodes (3/4). Lateral branches lacking (2/3), or sparse (2/3). Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades filiform (3), or linear (38); stiff (1), or firm (38), or flaccid (1); without exudate (39), or pruinose (1).
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle; subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (18), or an inflated leaf-sheath (25); exserted (37), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (5). Peduncle cylindrical at apex (1/2), or tipped by a glumaceous appendage (1/2). Panicle spiciform (37), or glomerate (1), or capitate (6). Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels linear (1), or oblong (39).
- Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate (1), or elliptic (16), or oblong (24), or ovate (2); laterally compressed; 1.8-4.281-8.5 mm long; falling entire.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate (1), or elliptic (16), or oblong (24), or ovate (2); laterally compressed; 1.8-4.281-8.5 mm long; falling entire.
- Glume
- Glumes free (5), or connate along margins below (36); shorter than spikelet (4), or reaching apex of florets (17), or exceeding apex of florets (22); parallel to lemmas (29), or recurved at apex (12). Lower glume linear (1), or lanceolate (19), or elliptic (4), or oblong (15), or ovate (2); not gibbous (39), or gibbous (1); 1-1.002-1.1 length of upper glume; membranous (37), or cartilaginous (2), or coriaceous (1); 1-keeled; wingless (34), or winged on keel (6); 1 -veined (1), or 3 -veined (39). Lower glume lateral veins absent (1), or distinct (39). Lower glume surface glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (10), or pilose (13), or villous (2), or hispidulous (1), or hispid (1). Lower glume apex truncate (2), or obtuse (8), or acute (24), or acuminate (6), or attenuate (1), or setaceously attenuate (2), or cuspidate (1); muticous (27), or mucronate (6), or awned (10). Upper glume linear (1), or lanceolate (18), or elliptic (5), or oblong (15), or ovate (2); not gibbous (39), or gibbous (1); 0.8-1.101-1.7 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (37), or cartilaginous (2), or coriaceous (1); with undifferentiated margins (38), or hyaline margins (2); 1-keeled; wingless (34), or winged on keel (6); 1 -veined (1), or 3 -veined (39). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (1), or ciliolate (5), or ciliate (34). Upper glume lateral veins convergent at apex (1/1). Upper glume surface glabrous (12), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (10), or pilose (13), or villous (2), or hispidulous (1), or hispid (1). Upper glume apex truncate (2/39), or obtuse (9/39), or acute (22/39), or acuminate (6/39), or attenuate (1/39), or setaceously attenuate (2/39), or cuspidate (1/39); muticous (27), or mucronate (6), or awned (10); 1 -awned (10/10).
- Florets
- Fertile lemma lanceolate (2), or elliptic (5), or oblong (20), or ovate (14); membranous; keeled; 3 -veined (2), or 4 -veined (8), or 5 -veined (30). Lemma lateral veins obscure (1/1). Lemma surface glabrous (34), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (3), or pilose (2); without hair tufts (39), or with conspicuous apical hairs (1). Lemma margins free (8), or connate below (33); eciliate (38), or ciliolate (2), or ciliate (1). Lemma apex entire (38), or erose (2); truncate (20), or obtuse (13), or acute (7), or acuminate (1), or attenuate (1); without ornament (39), or pubescent (1); muticous (3), or awned (38); 1 -awned (38/38). Principal lemma awn dorsal (38/38); straight (14/38), or curved (4/38), or geniculate (24/38). Palea present (15), or absent or minute (26); 0.5-0.6375-0.9 length of lemma; 1 -veined (6/6); 1-keeled (4/15), or 2-keeled (11/15). Palea keels eciliate (13/15), or ciliate (2/15).
- Flowers
- Lodicules absent (39/39). Anthers 2 (1/39), or 3 (38/39). Stigmas plumose (4), or pubescent (36). Ovary glabrous (36/36).
- Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (37/37). Embryo 0.25 length of caryopsis. Hilum punctiform (36/36).
- Distribution
- Europe (15), or Africa (7), or Temperate Asia (34), or Tropical Asia (7), or Australasia (4), or Pacific (1), or North America (8), or South America (8), or Antarctica (1).
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Finland, Florida, France, Føroyar, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Louisiana, Magadan, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Masachusettes, Mexico Northwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Québec, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, South Georgia, Spain, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon
Introduced into:
Antipodean Is., Bermuda, Canary Is., Chatham Is., Crozet Is., Gulf of Guinea Is., Kerguelen, Malaya, Marion-Prince Edward, Mexico Northeast, New Caledonia, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Queensland, Rhode I., Senegal, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Accepted Species
- Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.
- Alopecurus albovii Tzvelev
- Alopecurus anatolicus Dogan
- Alopecurus apiatus Ovcz.
- Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.
- Alopecurus aucheri Boiss.
- Alopecurus baptarrhenius S.M.Phillips
- Alopecurus bonariensis Parodi & Thell.
- Alopecurus borii Tzvelev
- Alopecurus bornmuelleri Domin
- Alopecurus brachystachyus M.Bieb.
- Alopecurus × brachystylus Peterm.
- Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan
- Alopecurus carolinianus Walter
- Alopecurus creticus Trin.
- Alopecurus dasyanthus Trautv.
- Alopecurus davisii Bor
- Alopecurus geniculatus L.
- Alopecurus gerardii (All.) Vill.
- Alopecurus glacialis K.Koch
- Alopecurus goekyigitianus Cabi & Soreng
- Alopecurus × haussknechtianus Asch. & Graebn.
- Alopecurus heleochloides Hack.
- Alopecurus himalaicus Hook.f.
- Alopecurus hitchcockii Parodi
- Alopecurus japonicus Steud.
- Alopecurus laguroides Balansa
- Alopecurus lanatus Sm.
- Alopecurus longiaristatus Maxim.
- Alopecurus magellanicus Lam.
- Alopecurus × marssonii Hausskn.
- Alopecurus mucronatus Hack.
- Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.
- Alopecurus nepalensis Trin. ex Steud.
- Alopecurus × plettkei Mattf.
- Alopecurus ponticus K.Koch
- Alopecurus pratensis L.
- Alopecurus rendlei Eig
- Alopecurus saccatus Vasey
- Alopecurus setarioides Gren.
- Alopecurus textilis Boiss.
- Alopecurus turczaninovii O.D.Nikif.
- Alopecurus × turicensis Brügger
- Alopecurus utriculatus Banks & Sol.
- Alopecurus vaginatus (Willd.) Pall. ex Kunth
- Alopecurus × winklerianus Asch. & Graebn.
Synonyms
Other Data
Alopecurus L. appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (3 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3780], India | K001119991 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 3780], Nepal | K001119992 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 3780], India | K001119990 |
Bibliography
First published in Sp. Pl.: 60 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R.H.A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Sources
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0