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  1. Family: Aspleniaceae Newman
    1. Genus: Thelypteris Schmidel

      1. Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John

        This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & Subtropical Old World to Pacific.

    [CPLC]

    Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

    Distribution
    Colombia
    [FTEA]

    Thelypteridaceae, Bernard Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2006

    Type
    Type: Yemen, Bolghose, Forsskål 809 (C, holo.)
    Rhizomes
    Rhizome shortly to distinctly creeping, ± 7 mm in diameter, with dark brown ovate to lanceolate entire thinly pilose scales up to 6–8 mm long
    Leaves
    Fronds closely spaced, 0.4–1.5(–2) m tall
    Stipes
    Stipe 8–50 cm long, glabrous or slightly pubescent, with scales at base
    Leaf lamina
    Lamina pinnate, elliptic to narrowly elliptic in outline, 0.3–1.3 m long, up to 40 cm wide, acuminate with a deeply pinnatifid terminal segment; lowest 2–4 pairs of pinnae usually gradually decreasing; middle pinnae narrowly oblong or lanceolate, (4.5–)8–21 cm long, 1.5–2.5 cm wide with long narrowly acuminate crenate apex, deeply pinnatifid into oblong lobes 4–10 mm long, 2.5–4.5 mm wide, entire, obtuse to acute, pilose along the costa above and shortly pubescent beneath; veins 8–9 pairs with one pair anastomosing with excurrent vein to sinus, the triangle formed usually acute or in some specimens (including from type area) with 2 pairs of veins anastomosing (see note after hybrids, p 20)
    Indusium
    Indusia with short white hairs or almost or quite glabrous (see note).
    Ecology
    Evergreen forest, often riverine, ditch-sides in swampy areas, valley bushland and thicket; (?0–)45–2100 m
    Note
    Holttum states after describing C. modesta (in J. S. Afr. Bot. 40: 144 (1974)) “No other species of sect. Christella has glabrous indusia”, but they can be in C. dentata and are in fact in a number of specimens determined by Holttum. I have not seen the single specimen C. modesta is based on. Plaizier & Breteler 1124 (Kenya, Kisii District, 4 km SE of Marani, 9 Apr. 1978) has the venation and rhizome of C. dentata but there are glands on the indusia as well as dense hairs and some glands on the pinnae. Allan 3698 (Uganda, Toro District, Mwamba forest, 5 Dec. 1957) has fertile fronds 30 cm long or less and largest pinnae only 3.5 cm long, quite shallowly lobed; the creeping rhizome, anastomosing veins and indusium all suggest it is a small form of C. dentata. Holttum and others have thought that material resembling C. dentata but with two pairs of veins anastomosing indicated it was of hybrid origin so I was surprised to find that Forsskål’s type and other material from the Yemen has some lobes with two pairs of veins anastomosing (see p. 19 under hybrids). Some specimens, e.g. Sangster 109 (Uganda, Budongo Forest, Mar. 1931) have quite glabrous indusia depite the comment by Holttum (J. S. Afr. Bot. 40: 144 (1974))
    Distribution
    Flora districts: U2 U3 U 4 ; K2 K3 K4 K5 K7 T1 T2 T3 T4 T6 T8 Z; P Range: Throughout the Old World tropics and subtropics, just reaches into SW Spain; introduced in some parts of tropical America
    [FWTA]

    Thelypteridaceae, A. H. G. Alston. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Ferns and Fern-Allies Supplement. 1959

    Ecology
    Roadside banks and palm groves on damp ground, often by streams in secondary growth; up to 3, 800 ft. alt.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Afghanistan, Andaman Is., Angola, Ascension, Assam, Azores, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Kermadec Is., Korea, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Marianas, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, Niger, Nigeria, Norfolk Is., Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Socotra, Solomon Is., South Australia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Uganda, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

    Introduced into:

    Alabama, Algeria, Argentina Northeast, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Central American Pac, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Hawaii, Honduras, Jamaica, Kentucky, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Texas, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

    Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John appears in other Kew resources:

    Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
    La Croix, I.F. [4974], Congo K000501462
    Jan 1, 1977 Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata var. caespitosa K000547804
    Jan 1, 1977 Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata var. caespitosa K000547805
    Aug 1, 2001 Etuge, M. [2746], Cameroon Christella dentata K000108967
    Jul 1, 1997 Johns, R.J. [8101], Indonesia Christella dentata K000547784
    Jul 1, 1997 Johns, R.J. [8101], Indonesia Christella dentata K000547785
    Jan 1, 1981 Carr, C.E. [11113], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547801
    Jan 1, 1981 Carr, C.E. [11113], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547802
    Jan 1, 1981 Carr, C.E. [11727], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547803
    Jan 1, 1981 Ridley, H.N. [6916], Singapore Christella dentata K000506173
    Jan 1, 1981 Millar, A.N. [NGF18592], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547786
    Jan 1, 1981 Millar, A.N. [NGF18548], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547791
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [606], Philippines Christella dentata K000519833
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [606], Philippines Christella dentata K000519834
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [606], Philippines Christella dentata K000519835
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [618], Philippines Christella dentata K000519836
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [618], Philippines Christella dentata K000519837
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [513], Philippines Christella dentata K000519958
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [520], Philippines Christella dentata K000519961
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [520], Philippines Christella dentata K000519962
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [520], Philippines Christella dentata K000519963
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [520], Philippines Christella dentata K000519964
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [1087], Philippines Christella dentata K000519965
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [1087], Philippines Christella dentata K000519966
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [1087], Philippines Christella dentata K000519967
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [335], Philippines Christella dentata K000519821
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [335], Philippines Christella dentata K000519822
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [608], Philippines Christella dentata K000519823
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [608], Philippines Christella dentata K000519824
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [608], Philippines Christella dentata K000519825
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [580], Philippines Christella dentata K000519826
    Jan 1, 1981 Price, M.G. [580], Philippines Christella dentata K000519827
    Jan 1, 1981 Piggott, A.G. [2260], Philippines Christella dentata K000519968
    Jan 1, 1981 Piggott, A.G. [1683], Philippines Christella dentata K000519970
    Jan 1, 1981 Piggott, A.G. [1683], Philippines Christella dentata K000519971
    Jan 1, 1981 Piggott, A.G. [1525], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506166
    Jan 1, 1981 Loher, A. [941], Philippines Christella dentata K000519960
    Jan 1, 1981 Cuming, H. [83], Philippines Christella dentata K000519959
    Jan 1, 1981 Elmer, A.D.E. [9895], Philippines Christella dentata K000519973
    Jan 1, 1981 Matthew, C.G. [9], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507602
    Jan 1, 1981 Copeland, E.B. [607], Philippines Christella dentata K000519974
    Jan 1, 1981 Lütjeharms, W.J. [5253], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507591
    Jan 1, 1981 Lütjeharms, W.J. [5253], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507592
    Jan 1, 1981 Lütjeharms, W.J. [3842], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507593
    Jan 1, 1981 Iwatsuki, k. [S711], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507590
    Jan 1, 1981 Nakaike, T. [2], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547800
    Jan 1, 1981 Hose, E.S. [SFN5017], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506174
    Jan 1, 1981 Savinierre, E. de la [1561], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507600
    Aug 25, 1976 Cunnungham, A. [52], Norfolk Island Christella dentata K000951645 holotype
    Aug 24, 1976 Ramos, M. [32875], Philippines Christella dentata K000519828
    Aug 24, 1976 Matthew, C.G. [s.n.], Philippines Christella dentata K000519832
    Aug 24, 1976 Matthew, C.G. [s.n.], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507601
    Aug 24, 1976 King, G. [s.n.], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507599
    Aug 24, 1976 Moseley, H.N. [s.n.], Philippines Christella dentata K000519972
    Aug 24, 1976 Vidal y Soler, S. [1842], Philippines Christella dentata K000519829
    Aug 24, 1976 Hose, G.F. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000507892
    Aug 24, 1976 Hose, G.F. [100], Malaysia Christella dentata K000507893
    Aug 24, 1976 Raciborski, M. [s.n.], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507594
    Aug 24, 1976 Schiffner, V. [s.n.], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507603
    Aug 24, 1976 Matthew, C.G.atthew, C.G. [s.n.], Philippines Christella dentata K000519830
    Aug 24, 1976 Matthew, C.G.atthew, C.G. [s.n.], Philippines Christella dentata K000519831
    Aug 20, 1976 Ridley, H.N. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506164
    Aug 20, 1976 Ridley, H.N. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506165
    Aug 20, 1976 Allen, B. [1363], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506169
    Aug 20, 1976 Allen, B. [1512], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506170
    Aug 20, 1976 Delessert, A. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506156
    Aug 19, 1976 Wallich, N. [s.n.], Myanmar Christella dentata K000951644
    Aug 19, 1976 Wallich, N. [350], Myanmar Christella dentata K000951643
    Jun 30, 1976 Piggott, A.G. [1570], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506161
    Jun 30, 1976 Piggott, A.G. [1570], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506162
    Jun 30, 1976 Piggott, A.G. [1479], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506163
    Jun 30, 1976 Piggott, A.G. [1453], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506167
    Jun 30, 1976 Piggott, A.G. [1453], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506168
    Jan 1, 1976 Vidal y Soler, S. [266], Philippines Christella dentata K000519820
    Jan 1, 1976 Allen, B. [1892], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506171
    Jul 1, 1975 Seemann, B.C. [2311B] Christella dentata K000507605
    Jun 1, 1975 Anonymous [s.n.], Singapore Christella dentata K000519239
    Jun 1, 1975 Anonymous [s.n.], Singapore Christella dentata K000549996
    Jan 1, 1975 Blume, C.L. [s.n.], Indonesia Christella dentata K000549995
    Sep 1, 1971 Jermy, A.C. [7641], Indonesia Christella dentata K000519501
    Sep 1, 1971 Jermy, A.C. [7641], Indonesia Christella dentata K000519502
    Aug 1, 1971 Forster, J.R. [s.n.], New Zealand Christella dentata K000951647 Unknown type material
    Jan 1, 1958 Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Singapore Christella dentata K000507353
    Jan 1, 1958 Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Singapore Christella dentata K000507354
    Jermy, A.C. [8059], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538252
    Jermy, A.C. [8059], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538253
    Jermy, A.C. [6357], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507894
    Holttum, R.E. [108], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547787
    Holttum, R.E. [108], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547788
    Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506157
    Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506158
    Holttum, R.E. [s.n.], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506159
    Krapovickas, A. [40720], Brazil Christella dentata K000956521
    Krapovickas, A. [40720], Brazil Christella dentata K000956522
    Parris, B.S. [9290], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538246
    Parris, B.S. [4430], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538247
    Parris, B.S. [4429], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538249
    Parris, B.S. [7820], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538242
    Parris, B.S. [9285], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538244
    Parris, B.S. [4426], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547792
    Parris, B.S. [4428], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547793
    Parris, B.S. [4433], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547795
    Parris, B.S. [5797], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547798
    Parris, B.S. [5632], Philippines Christella dentata K000519956
    Parris, B.S. [5740], Philippines Christella dentata K000519957
    Parris, B.S. [7865], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538241
    Parris, B.S. [7820], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538243
    Parris, B.S. [9285], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538245
    Parris, B.S. [4430], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538248
    Parris, B.S. [4429], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538250
    Parris, B.S. [4433], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547796
    Parris, B.S. [4433], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547797
    Parris, B.S. [5797], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547799
    Parris, B.S. [10569], Malaysia Christella dentata K000506160
    Parris, B.S. [7643], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507595
    Parris, B.S. [7643], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507596
    Parris, B.S. [7653], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507597
    Parris, B.S. [7653], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507598
    White, C.T. [s.n.], Queensland Christella dentata K000951648
    Croft, J.R. [1254], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538254
    Croft, J.R. [1253], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547789
    Croft, J.R. [1254], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538255
    Croft, J.R. [1253], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547790
    Wiakabu, J. [LAE73401], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000538251
    Forster, J.R. [s.n.], New Zealand Christella dentata K000951646
    Wallich, N. [350], Myanmar Christella dentata K000951642
    Murata, G. [B4585], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507891
    Kato, M. [C6291], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507896
    Kato, M. [C6291], Indonesia Christella dentata K000507895
    Croxall, B.S. [4428], Papua New Guinea Christella dentata K000547794
    Lobin, W [s.n.], Philippines Christella dentata K000519969
    Ferreira, J.L. [74], Brazil Christella dentata K000956519
    Ferreira, J.L. [74], Brazil Christella dentata K000956520
    Afonso, L. [10], Brazil Christella dentata K000956524
    Keffud, W.R. [s.n.], Queensland Christella dentata K000951649
    Wilson, D.G. [6417], Brazil Christella dentata K000956523
    Wall, G. [s.n.], Sri Lanka Christella taprobanica K000951627 holotype
    Wall, G. [s.n.], Sri Lanka Christella taprobanica K000951626
    Wall, G. [s.n.], Sri Lanka Christella taprobanica K000951629 isotype

    First published in Amer. Fern J. 26: 44 (1936)

    Accepted by

    • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & Kandel, D.R. (2019). Ferns and Fern-Allies of Nepal 2: 1-446. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Department of Plant Resources.
    • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & al. (2018). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 2: 1-573. Dehra Dun : BSMPS.
    • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & al. (2017). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 1: 1-562. Dehra Dun : BSMPS.
    • Páez, S. & al. (2014). Nuevas citas de Pteridophyta para la reserva natural privada Tapytá, Caazapá - Paraguay Rojasiana 13(2): 17-23.
    • Allan, H.A. (1961). Flora of New Zealand 1: 1-1085. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.

    Not accepted by

    • Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. [Cited as Christella dentata.]

    Literature

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & al. (2018). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 2: 1-573. Dehra Dun : BSMPS.
    • Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & al. (2017). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 1: 1-562. Dehra Dun : BSMPS.
    • Roux, J.P. (2016). The Lycopods and Ferns of Drakensberg and Lesotho: 1-384. Briza academic books, Pretoria, South Africa.
    • Allan, H.A. (1961). Flora of New Zealand 1: 1-1085. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.

    Sources

    Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of West Tropical Africa
    Flora of West Tropical Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
    'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0