Featured: Lysimachia arvensis Image from Stuppy & Kesseler
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  1. Family: Lamiaceae Martinov

    1. Salvia L.

        2. This genus is accepted, and its native range is Cosmopolitan.

    [FTEA]

    Lamiaceae (Labiatae), A.J. Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R.M. Polhill, Y.B. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P.B. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C.W. Lukhoba, D.F. Otieno, & R.M. Harley. Salvia, RM Polhill. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2009

    Habit
    Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, often aromatic
    Stem
    Stems quadrangular, with simple or elsewhere rarely dendroid hairs, often with sessile glands or glandular hairs
    Leaves
    Leaves simple to lobed or dissected, some sometimes crowded at base of stem, often petiolate below and ± sessile above
    Flowers
    Flowers in a thyrse, 1–numerous in congested to well-spaced verticils; bracts usually distinctly smaller than leaves; bracteoles present or absent
    Calyx
    Calyx campanulate to tubular, ± distinctly 2-lipped; posterior lip 3-fid or entire; anterior lip 2-lobed
    Corolla
    Corolla white to yellow, or purple to bright red or blue, 2-lipped; posterior lip hooded; anterior lip 3-lobed, straight or deflexed, with middle lobe broader
    Stamens
    Fertile stamens 2, the posterior pair vestigial or absent; anterior pair included to long-exserted, the filaments usually short, but the connective much extended, filament-like and separating the thecae; posterior theca always large and fertile; anterior theca smaller, fertile, sterile or replaced by a hatchet-shaped tip
    Ovary
    Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style gynobasic, 2-lobed, the anterior lobe usually much longer
    Fruits
    Nutlets trigonous, ovoid to rounded, with a small scar at or near the base, often producing mucilage when wetted.
    Note
    Salvia is pollinated by both insects and birds and has one of the most elaborate pollination mechanisms in the family. The flowers have only 2 stamens, normally with a single fertile theca and a much-elongated connective that often articulates with the relatively short filament. The anterior theca forms a sterile appendage that usually acts as a lever, tapping the pollen directly on to the back of the pollinator. Small cleistogamous flowers sometimes occur in S. merjamie. A number of species have been grown in gardens and, particularly in the case of S. coccinea, sometimes occur as escapes and tend to become naturalised.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Bahamas, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Bulgaria, Burundi, California, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cayman Is., Central European Rus, Chile North, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Florida, France, Free State, Galápagos, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Gulf States, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Manchuria, Maryland, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Nicaragua, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Queensland, Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Somalia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sumatera, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Turks-Caicos Is., Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

    Introduced into:

    Alberta, Azores, Bermuda, British Columbia, Cape Verde, Central American Pac, Cook Is., Delaware, Denmark, Fiji, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hawaii, Indiana, Lesser Sunda Is., Maine, Manitoba, Marquesas, Masachusettes, Michigan, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Northern Territory, Norway, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Society Is., Sweden, Tonga, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wyoming

    Salvia L. appears in other Kew resources:

    Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
    Turrill, W.B. [K535], Greece 2780.000
    Rico, L. [1172], Bolivia K000295014
    Buijsman, M. [11], Indonesia K000856919
    Buijsman, M. [78], Indonesia K000856920
    Smith, J.J. [452], Indonesia K000856918
    McDonald [4877], Indonesia K000856921
    Christenhuis, M.J.M. [6771], USA K000696720

    First published in Sp. Pl.: 23 (1753)

    Accepted by

    • Drew, B.T. & al. (2017). Salvia united: The greatest good for the greatest number Taxon 66: 133-145.
    • Garcia Peña, M.R. (2007). Personal communication on Lamiaceae 1 MEXU, Mexico.
    • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Literature

    Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • —F.T.A. 5: 456.
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 7: 235 (2004)
    • Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 33: 1–121 (1974)
    • Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 15 (1754)
    • Sp. Pl.: 23 (1753)

    Sources

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
    'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0