- Family: Poaceae Barnhart
Ischaemum L.
[FTEA]
Gramineae, W. D. Clayton, S. M. Phillips And S. A. Renvoize. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1974
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennials, often decumbent, sometimes annuals
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaf-blades linear; ligule membranous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence of paired or digitate racemes, the former often interlocked back to back, terminal or axillary; internodes and pedicels clavate to inflated
- Sessile
- Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse and inserted in the concave top of the internode; lower glume chartaceous to coriaceous, convex to concave, laterally 2-keeled, sometimes winged; upper glume awned or not; lower floret ♂ with a palea; upper lemma bifid, passing between the teeth into a glabrous awn (rarely awnless)
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis oblong to lanceolate, dorsally compressed
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Pedicelled spikelet as large as the sessile or much smaller, often asymmetrical. Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse and inserted in the concave top of the internode; lower glume chartaceous to coriaceous, convex to concave, laterally 2-keeled, sometimes winged; upper glume awned or not; lower floret ♂ with a palea; upper lemma bifid, passing between the teeth into a glabrous awn (rarely awnless)
- Pedicelled
- Pedicelled spikelet as large as the sessile or much smaller, often asymmetrical.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennial, sometimes annual; ligule membranous
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence of paired or occasionally digitate racemes, the former often interlocked back to back, terminal or axillary; internodes and pedicels clavate to inflated, the pedicels often very short
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse and inserted into the concave top of the internode; lower glume chartaceous to coriaceous, concave to convex, laterally 2-keeled or the flanks rounded, often rugose, sometimes winged; lower floret male and with a palea; upper lemma bifid, awned from between the teeth or awnless; caryopsis oblong to lanceolate, dorsally compressed Pedicelled spikelet as large as the sessile or much smaller, often asymmetrical.
- Distribution
- Some 85 species throughout the tropics, but mostly in Asia.
[FZ]
Gramineae, T. A. Cope. Flora Zambesiaca 10:4. 2002
- Morphology General Habit
- Perennials, sometimes annuals, often decumbent.
- Morphology Leaves Leaf sheaths
- Leaf sheaths mostly with auricles; ligule membranous; leaf laminas linear, sometimes sagittate or falsely petiolate at the base.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence of paired, sometimes solitary or digitate, 1-sided racemes, those of a pair often interlocked back to back and mimicking a solitary raceme, terminal or axillary; rhachis internodes and pedicels stoutly linear to clavate or inflated, often exposed on the back of the raceme as a U- or V-shaped segment, sometimes the pedicels so short that the spikelets of a pair appear to be side by side.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus obtuse and inserted in the concave top of the internode; inferior glume chartaceous to coriaceous, convex to concave on the back, laterally 2-keeled, often rugose, sometimes winged; superior glume awned or awnless; inferior floret male, rarely barren, with a palea; superior lemma bifid, passing between the teeth into a glabrous awn (rarely awnless). Pedicelled spikelet as large as the sessile spikelet or much smaller, often asymmetrical.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis oblong to lanceolate, dorsally compressed.
[GB]
nonem
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual (28), or perennial (52). Rhizomes absent (74), or short (4), or elongated (2). Stolons absent (75), or present (5). Culms erect (27/66), or geniculately ascending (19/66), or decumbent (26/66), or prostrate (9/66), or rambling (9/66); robust (2/8), or slender (4/8), or weak (2/8); 5-63.92-300 cm long; firm (76), or wiry (3), or woody (1); without nodal roots (2/27), or with prop roots (2/27), or rooting from lower nodes (25/27). Culm-internodes terete (2/3), or channelled (2/3). Culm-nodes constricted (1/2), or swollen (1/2). Lateral branches lacking (10/27), or sparse (7/27), or ample (14/27). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (72), or erect (8). Ligule an eciliate membrane (68), or a ciliolate membrane (12), or a fringe of hairs (1). Leaf-blade base without a false petiole (63), or with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath (5), or with a false petiole (17). Leaf-blades linear (47), or lanceolate (44), or elliptic (4), or oblong (3), or ovate (2); herbaceous (79), or coriaceous (1); stiff (1), or firm (77), or flaccid (2). Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous (1/1).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence composed of racemes; terminal (76), or terminal and axillary (4); subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (71), or an inflated leaf-sheath (2), or a spatheole (7); exserted (78), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (2), or enclosed (3). Spatheole lanceolate (5/5). Racemes single (8), or paired (71), or digitate (10); side by side (31/75), or appressed back to back (44/75); unilateral (2/2); bearing 8-9 fertile spikelets on each (1/2), or 10-12 fertile spikelets on each (2/2), or 13-14 fertile spikelets on each (1/2). Rhachis fragile at the nodes; angular (68/76), or subterete (4/76), or semiterete (4/76). Rhachis internodes linear (5), or columnar (9), or oblong (35), or clavate (15), or cuneate (8), or pyriform (1), or inflated (7); unspecialized (23), or flat and forming a U or V shape with the pedicel in rear view (56), or with a basal circular pore between internode and pedicel (4), or with the lower often bearing triads (2). Rhachis internode tip transverse (79), or oblique (1); cupuliform (79), or notched (1). Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile (78), or sessile and pedicelled (3); 1 in the cluster (78), or 2 in the cluster (3). Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled (78/78); 0 in the cluster (1/78), or 1 in the cluster (78/78). Pedicels linear (5/79), or columnar (9/79), or oblong (48/79), or narrowly elliptic (1/79), or clavate (8/79), or cuneate (6/79), or pyriform (1/79), or inflated (1/79).
- Sterile
- Basal sterile spikelets absent (78), or well-developed (2). Companion sterile spikelets absent (2), or represented by single glumes (2), or rudimentary (6), or well-developed (76); persistent (2/76), or separately deciduous (76/76). Companion sterile spikelet callus indistinct (77/78), or oblong (1/78). Companion sterile spikelet glumes muticous (36/47), or mucronate (1/47), or awned (10/47).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (1), or lanceolate (19), or elliptic (21), or oblong (39), or ovate (13), or obovate (2), or rhomboid (1); laterally compressed (1), or dorsally compressed (79); 2.5-6.055-12 mm long; falling entire; deciduous from the base (2), or with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus brief (39), or square (11), or oblong (27), or cuneate (3); glabrous (9/58), or pubescent (18/58), or pilose (21/58), or bearded (13/58); base truncate (65), or obtuse (15); inserted. Basal sterile spikelets absent (78), or well-developed (2). Companion sterile spikelets absent (2), or represented by single glumes (2), or rudimentary (6), or well-developed (76); persistent (2/76), or separately deciduous (76/76). Companion sterile spikelet callus indistinct (77/78), or oblong (1/78). Companion sterile spikelet glumes muticous (36/47), or mucronate (1/47), or awned (10/47).
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (1), or lanceolate (19), or elliptic (21), or oblong (39), or ovate (13), or obovate (2), or rhomboid (1); laterally compressed (1), or dorsally compressed (79); 2.5-6.055-12 mm long; falling entire; deciduous from the base (2), or with accessory branch structures. Spikelet callus brief (39), or square (11), or oblong (27), or cuneate (3); glabrous (9/58), or pubescent (18/58), or pilose (21/58), or bearded (13/58); base truncate (65), or obtuse (15); inserted.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Bracts Glume
- Glumes reaching apex of florets (2), or exceeding apex of florets (78); firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume subulate (1), or lanceolate (11), or elliptic (14), or oblong (46), or ovate (20), or obovate (1); membranous (1), or chartaceous (12), or cartilaginous (1), or coriaceous (66), or indurate (1); without keels (1), or 2-keeled (79); wingless (44), or winged on keel (38); 1-9-21 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins obscure (6), or distinct (74); intercarinal veins distinct (1/1). Lower glume surface convex (48), or flat (33), or concave (2); smooth (46), or asperulous (6), or scabrous (3), or muricate (11), or rugose (20); not waisted (77), or laterally waisted (3); glabrous (60), or puberulous (1), or pubescent (6), or pilose (15), or hirsute (3), or villous (9), or woolly (1); without hair tufts (78), or with marginal tufts of hair (1), or with transverse tufts of hair (1). Lower glume apex entire (49), or erose (1), or dentate (31); 2 -fid (28/31), or 3 -fid (3/31); emarginate (5/34), or truncate (1/34), or obtuse (8/34), or acute (20/34), or acuminate (3/34), or attenuate (1/34); muticous (74), or mucronate (1), or awned (6). Upper glume lanceolate (62), or elliptic (6), or oblong (3), or ovate (14); membranous (1), or chartaceous (19), or cartilaginous (1), or coriaceous (60); with undifferentiated margins (78), or hyaline margins (1), or membranous margins (1); without keels (1), or 1-keeled (79); wingless (58), or winged on keel (22); 1 -veined (1/49), or 3 -veined (25/49), or 4 -veined (9/49), or 5 -veined (25/49), or 6 -veined (2/49), or 7 -veined (7/49), or 8-9 -veined (2/49). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (73), or ciliolate (1), or ciliate (6). Upper glume lateral veins with cross-veins (1/1). Upper glume surface smooth (68), or asperulous (4), or scabrous (6), or tuberculate (1), or rugose (1); glabrous (68), or puberulous (2), or pubescent (3), or pilose (4), or hirsute (1), or villous (2); without hair tufts (77), or with marginal tufts of hair (1), or with a dorsal tuft of hair (2). Upper glume apex entire (76), or dentate (3), or lobed (1); 2 -fid (4/4); emarginate (2/35), or obtuse (4/35), or acute (8/35), or acuminate (21/35), or attenuate (2/35), or setaceously attenuate (1/35); muticous (58), or mucronate (5), or awned (19); 1 -awned (17/18), or 2 -awned (1/18).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets
- Basal sterile florets male (78), or barren (2); with palea (79), or without significant palea (1). Lemma of lower sterile floret lanceolate (57), or elliptic (9), or oblong (16), or ovate (11); hyaline (27), or membranous (53); 1-2 -veined (4/50), or 3 -veined (43/50), or 4 -veined (11/50), or 5 -veined (12/50), or 7 -veined (2/50); truncate (2/25), or obtuse (1/25), or acute (14/25), or acuminate (9/25). Palea of lower sterile floret wingless (78/79), or winged on keels (1/79). Fertile lemma linear (1), or lanceolate (8), or elliptic (4), or oblong (64), or ovate (3); hyaline (21), or membranous (59); without keel; wingless (79), or winged on margins (1); 1 -veined (2/39), or 3 -veined (34/39), or 4 -veined (3/39), or 5 -veined (6/39). Lemma lateral veins obscure (4/4). Lemma margins eciliate (60), or ciliolate (9), or ciliate (11). Lemma apex entire (3), or dentate (13), or lobed (67); 2 -fid (79/79); incised 0.1-0.471-0.75 of lemma length; muticous (8), or mucronate (3), or awned (75), or awned only on distal spikelets (1); 1 -awned (76/76). Principal lemma awn apical (3/78), or from a sinus (76/78); straight (6/78), or curved (3/78), or flexuous (1/78), or geniculate (70/78). Palea present (79), or absent or minute (1); 0.33-0.9752-1 length of lemma; hyaline (4/79), or membranous (75/79); 0 -veined (1/4), or 2 -veined (3/4); without keels (1/79), or 2-keeled (78/79). Palea keels smooth (77/78), or scaberulous (1/78).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Lodicules 2 (14/14); free (13/14), or adnate to palea (1/14). Anthers 3 (70/70).
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (5/5); ellipsoid (2/5), or oblong (3/5), or obovoid (1/5); dorsally compressed (1/1).
- Distribution
- Africa (12), or Temperate Asia (14), or Tropical Asia (65), or Australasia (9), or Pacific (10), or North America (2), or South America (7).
Native to:
Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caroline Is., Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Comoros, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Djibouti, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Guiana, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Hainan, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Manchuria, Marianas, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Pakistan, Panamá, Peru, Philippines, Queensland, Réunion, Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Socotra, Solomon Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Aldabra, Brazil West-Central, Central American Pac, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Jamaica, Maryland, Rodrigues, Saudi Arabia
- Ischaemum afrum (J.F.Gmel.) Dandy
- Ischaemum agastyamalayanum Sreek., Janarth. & A.N.Henry
- Ischaemum agharkarii Datar, R.K.Choudhary & Gorade
- Ischaemum albovillosum B.K.Simon
- Ischaemum amethystinum Lebrun
- Ischaemum anthephoroides (Steud.) Miq.
- Ischaemum arenosum Sohns
- Ischaemum aristatum L.
- Ischaemum aureum (Hook. & Arn.) Hack.
- Ischaemum australe R.Br.
- Ischaemum barbatum Retz.
- Ischaemum beccarii Hack.
- Ischaemum bolei Almeida
- Ischaemum bombaiense Bor
- Ischaemum burmanicum Bor
- Ischaemum byrone (Trin.) Hitchc.
- Ischaemum cannanorense Sreek., V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
- Ischaemum celebicum Jansen
- Ischaemum ciliare Retz.
- Ischaemum commutatum Hack.
- Ischaemum copeanum Sreek., V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
- Ischaemum dalzellii Stapf ex Bor
- Ischaemum decumbens Benth.
- Ischaemum diplopogon Hook.f.
- Ischaemum eberhardtii A.Camus
- Ischaemum elimalayanum Sreek., V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
- Ischaemum feildingianum Rendle
- Ischaemum fischeri Ravi & Kiran Raj
- Ischaemum flumineum Bor
- Ischaemum fluviatile Ridl.
- Ischaemum fragile R.Br.
- Ischaemum glabriglaucum Sunil
- Ischaemum glaucescens Merr.
- Ischaemum guianense Kunth ex Hack.
- Ischaemum hansenii Bor
- Ischaemum heterotrichum Hack.
- Ischaemum hubbardii Bor
- Ischaemum huegelii Hack.
- Ischaemum impressum Hack.
- Ischaemum jayachandranii R.Ansari, V.S.Ramach. & Sreek.
- Ischaemum kingii Hook.f.
- Ischaemum koenigii (Hook.f.) Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch.
- Ischaemum koleostachys (Steud.) Hack.
- Ischaemum kumarakodiense Ravi, N.Mohanan & Kiran Raj
- Ischaemum lanatum Ravi, N.Mohanan, Shaju
- Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth
- Ischaemum lisboae Hook.f.
- Ischaemum longisetum Merr.
- Ischaemum malabaricum Sreek., V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
- Ischaemum merrillii Hack.
- Ischaemum minus J.Presl
- Ischaemum molle Hook.f.
- Ischaemum murinum G.Forst.
- Ischaemum muticum L.
- Ischaemum nairii V.J.Nair & Sreek.
- Ischaemum nativitatis Jansen ex Renvoize
- Ischaemum pappinisseriense Ravi, N.Mohanan & R.Rajesh
- Ischaemum philippinense Ohwi
- Ischaemum polystachyum J.Presl
- Ischaemum pubescens Merr.
- Ischaemum pushpangadanii Ravi, N.Mohanan & Kiran Raj
- Ischaemum quilonense Ravi & Shaju
- Ischaemum rangacharianum C.E.C.Fisch.
- Ischaemum raui Sreek., V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
- Ischaemum ritchiei Stapf ex Bor
- Ischaemum roseotomentosum J.B.Phipps
- Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.
- Ischaemum santapaui Bor
- Ischaemum sayajiraoi Raole & R.J.Desai
- Ischaemum semisagittatum Roxb.
- Ischaemum setaceum Honda
- Ischaemum spathulatum C.Cordem.
- Ischaemum sreenarayanii Sunil, Nithya & Remya Kr.
- Ischaemum thomasii Traiperm & Boonkerd
- Ischaemum thomsonianum Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch.
- Ischaemum timorense Kunth
- Ischaemum travancorense Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch.
- Ischaemum triticeum R.Br.
- Ischaemum tropicum B.K.Simon
- Ischaemum tumidum Stapf ex Bor
- Ischaemum veldkampii Lasut
- Ischaemum vembanadense R.B.Patil & D'Cruz
- Ischaemum yadavii Gad & Janarth.
- Ischaemum zeylanicola Bor
Ischaemum L. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8866] | K001131679 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8866] | K001131680 |
First published in Sp. Pl.: 1049 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R.H.A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- F.T.A. 9: 28 (1917).
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 469 (1754)
- Sp. Pl. 1049 (1753)
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 469 (1754).
- Sp. Pl. 2: 1049 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by T. A. Cope [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 469 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 1049 (1753)
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0