- Family: Iridaceae Juss.
Gladiolus Tourn. ex L.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is Europe to Iran, Arabian Peninsula, Africa.
Descriptions
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Iridaceae, Peter Goldblatt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1996
- Habit
- Perennials with corms with coriaceous to fibrous and reticulate tunics
- Leaves
- Leaves few-several, the lower (2-)3 entirely sheathing and mostly below ground (cataphylls); foliage leaves usually contemporary with the flowering stem, occasionally borne later on separate shoots, few-several, basal or cauline, blades well developed or reduced and largely to entirely sheathing, lanceolate to linear and plane or filiform and terete, the margins, midrib and sometimes other veins thickened and hyaline (margins sometimes winged)
- Stem
- Stem terete, simple or branched
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a spike, the flowers secund (distichous in a few SPECIES); bracts usually green, firm to soft, sometimes dry and brown at anthesis, relatively large, the inner usually smaller than the outer
- Flowers
- Flowers zygomorphic (actinomorphic in a few SPECIES from South Africa, Zaire and Madagascar); tepals united in a well-developed, sometimes very long tube, subequal to unequal, then the uppermost (dorsal) broader and arching to hooded over the stamens, the lower 3 narrower, shorter or longer than the dorsal
- Stamens
- Filaments unilateral and arcuate, included or exserted from the tube; anthers unilateral (symmetrical in actinomorphic flowers)
- Style
- Style exserted, the branches simple, expanded above and sometimes apically bilobed
- Fruits
- Capsules large and slightly inflated
- Seeds
- Seeds usually many, with a broad membranous circumferential wing (wingless in a few SPECIES).
According to Flora Zambesiaca
[FZ]Iridaceae, P. Goldblatt. Flora Zambesiaca 12:4. 1993
- Habit
- Perennial herbs with corms, aerial parts dying back annually; corms with coriaceous to fibrous and reticulate tunics.
- Leaves
- Leaves few to several, the lower (2)3 entirely sheathing and mostly below ground (cataphylls); foliage leaves usually synanthous (more or less fully developed at flowering), or hysteranthous (developing after flowering on the same shoot or borne on separate shoots), few to several, basal or cauline, blades well developed or reduced and largely to entirely sheathing, lanceolate to linear and plane or filiform and terete, the margins, midrib and sometimes also other veins thickened and hyaline (margins sometimes winged).
- Stem
- Stem terete, simple or branched.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a spike with flowers secund or, in a few species, distichous); floral bracts usually green, soft to firm, sometimes dry and brown at anthesis, relatively large, the inner usually smaller than the outer.
- Flowers
- Flowers zygomorphic (actinomorphic in a few species from South Africa, Zaire and Madagascar); tepals united in a well developed, sometimes very long perianth tube; subequal, or unequal with the uppermost broader and arching to hooded over the stamens, the lower 3 narrower, shorter or longer than the upper.
- Stamens
- Stamens unilateral and arcuate; filaments included or exserted from the perianth tube; anthers unilateral (symmetrical in actinomorphic flowers).
- Style
- Style exserted; style branches simple, expanded above and sometimes apically bilobed.
- Fruits
- Capsules large and slightly inflated.
- Seeds
- Seeds usually many, with a broad membranous wing about the circumference (wingless in a few species).
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Angola, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Central European Rus, Chad, Congo, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Oman, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Sinai, Somalia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Arkansas, California, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Hawaii, Jamaica, Kentucky, Louisiana, Madeira, Mississippi, North Carolina, Peru, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Western Australia
Accepted Species
- Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews
- Gladiolus abyssinicus (Brongn. ex Lem.) B.D.Jacks.
- Gladiolus actinomorphanthus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
- Gladiolus acuminatus F.Bolus
- Gladiolus aequinoctialis Herb.
- Gladiolus alatus L.
- Gladiolus albens Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus amplifolius Goldblatt
- Gladiolus anatolicus (Boiss.) Stapf
- Gladiolus andringitrae Goldblatt
- Gladiolus angustus L.
- Gladiolus antakiensis A.P.Ham.
- Gladiolus antandroyi Goldblatt
- Gladiolus appendiculatus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus aquamontanus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus arcuatus Klatt
- Gladiolus atropictus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus atropurpureus Baker
- Gladiolus atroviolaceus Boiss.
- Gladiolus attilae Kit Tan, B.Mathew & A.Baytop
- Gladiolus aurantiacus Klatt
- Gladiolus aureus Baker
- Gladiolus balensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus baumii Harms
- Gladiolus bellus C.H.Wright
- Gladiolus benguellensis Baker
- Gladiolus bilineatus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus blommesteinii L.Bolus
- Gladiolus bojeri (Baker) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus bonaespei Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus boranensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus brachyphyllus F.Bolus
- Gladiolus brevifolius Jacq.
- Gladiolus brevitubus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus buckerveldii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus bullatus Thunb. ex G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus × byzantinus Mill.
- Gladiolus caeruleus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus calcaratus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus calcicola Goldblatt
- Gladiolus canaliculatus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus candidus (Rendle) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis
- Gladiolus carinatus Aiton
- Gladiolus carmineus C.H.Wright
- Gladiolus carneus D.Delaroche
- Gladiolus caryophyllaceus (Burm.f.) Poir.
- Gladiolus cataractarum Oberm.
- Gladiolus caucasicus Herb.
- Gladiolus ceresianus L.Bolus
- Gladiolus chelamontanus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus chevalierianus Marais
- Gladiolus clivorum Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus communis L.
- Gladiolus comptonii G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus crassifolius Baker
- Gladiolus crispulatus L.Bolus
- Gladiolus cruentus T.Moore
- Gladiolus cunonius (L.) Gaertn.
- Gladiolus curtifolius Marais
- Gladiolus curtilimbus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
- Gladiolus cylindraceus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel
- Gladiolus davisoniae F.Bolus
- Gladiolus debeerstii De Wild.
- Gladiolus debilis Ker Gawl.
- Gladiolus decaryi Goldblatt
- Gladiolus decoratus Baker
- Gladiolus delpierrei Goldblatt
- Gladiolus densiflorus Baker
- Gladiolus deserticola Goldblatt
- Gladiolus dichrous (Bullock) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus diluvialis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus dolichosiphon Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus dolomiticus Oberm.
- Gladiolus dubius Guss.
- Gladiolus dzavakheticus Eristavi
- Gladiolus ecklonii Lehm.
- Gladiolus elliotii Baker
- Gladiolus emiliae L.Bolus
- Gladiolus engysiphon G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus equitans Thunb.
- Gladiolus erectiflorus Baker
- Gladiolus exalatus Goldblatt & Blittersd.
- Gladiolus exiguus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus exilis G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus fenestratus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus ferrugineus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus filiformis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus flanaganii Baker
- Gladiolus flavoviridis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus floribundus Jacq.
- Gladiolus fourcadei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus gallaecicus Pau ex J.-M.Tison & Girod
- Gladiolus geardii L.Bolus
- Gladiolus goldblattianus Geerinck
- Gladiolus gracilis Jacq.
- Gladiolus gracillimus Baker
- Gladiolus grandiflorus Andrews
- Gladiolus grantii Baker
- Gladiolus gregarius Welw. ex Baker
- Gladiolus griseus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus gueinzii Kunze
- Gladiolus gunnisii (Rendle) Marais
- Gladiolus guthriei F.Bolus
- Gladiolus hajastanicus Gabrieljan
- Gladiolus halophilus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Gladiolus harmsianus Vaupel
- Gladiolus hirsutus Jacq.
- Gladiolus hollandii L.Bolus
- Gladiolus horombensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus huillensis (Welw. ex Baker) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus humilis Stapf
- Gladiolus huttonii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus hyalinus Jacq.
- Gladiolus illyricus W.D.J.Koch
- Gladiolus imbricatus L.
- Gladiolus inandensis Baker
- Gladiolus inarimensis Guss.
- Gladiolus inflatus (Thunb.) Thunb.
- Gladiolus inflexus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus insolens Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus intonsus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus invenustus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus involutus D.Delaroche
- Gladiolus iroensis (A.Chev.) Marais
- Gladiolus italicus Mill.
- Gladiolus jonquilodorus Eckl. ex G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus juncifolius Goldblatt
- Gladiolus kamiesbergensis G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus karooicus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus kotschyanus Boiss.
- Gladiolus lapeirousioides Goldblatt
- Gladiolus laxiflorus Baker
- Gladiolus ledoctei P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
- Gladiolus leonensis Marais
- Gladiolus leptosiphon F.Bolus
- Gladiolus × lewisiae Oberm.
- Gladiolus liliaceus Houtt.
- Gladiolus linearifolius Vaupel
- Gladiolus lithicola Goldblatt
- Gladiolus longicollis Baker
- Gladiolus longispathaceus Cufod.
- Gladiolus loteniensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Gladiolus lundaensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus luteus Lam.
- Gladiolus macneilii Oberm.
- Gladiolus maculatus Sweet
- Gladiolus magnificus (Harms) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus malvinus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus manikaensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus marlothii G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus martleyi L.Bolus
- Gladiolus meliusculus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus melleri Baker
- Gladiolus menitskyi Gabrieljan
- Gladiolus mensensis (Schweinf.) Goldblatt
- Gladiolus meridionalis G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus metallicola Goldblatt
- Gladiolus micranthus Stapf
- Gladiolus microcarpus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus microspicatus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
- Gladiolus miniatus Eckl.
- Gladiolus mirus Vaupel
- Gladiolus monticola Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus mosambicensis Baker
- Gladiolus mostertiae L.Bolus
- Gladiolus muenzneri Vaupel
- Gladiolus murgusicus Mikheev
- Gladiolus murielae Kelway
- Gladiolus mutabilis G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus negeliensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus nerineoides G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus nigromontanus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus nyasicus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus oatesii Rolfe
- Gladiolus ochroleucus Baker
- Gladiolus oliganthus Baker
- Gladiolus oligophlebius Baker
- Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herb.
- Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andrews
- Gladiolus oreocharis Schltr.
- Gladiolus ornatus Klatt
- Gladiolus osmaniyensis Sagiroglu
- Gladiolus overbergensis Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus palustris Gaudin
- Gladiolus papilio Hook.f.
- Gladiolus pappei Baker
- Gladiolus pardalinus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus parvulus Schltr.
- Gladiolus patersoniae F.Bolus
- Gladiolus pauciflorus Baker ex Oliv.
- Gladiolus pavonia Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus permeabilis D.Delaroche
- Gladiolus perrieri Goldblatt
- Gladiolus persicus Boiss.
- Gladiolus phoenix Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus pole-evansii I.Verd.
- Gladiolus praecostatus Marais
- Gladiolus pretoriensis Kuntze
- Gladiolus priorii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus pritzelii Diels
- Gladiolus puberulus Vaupel
- Gladiolus pubigerus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus pulcherrimus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus pungens P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
- Gladiolus pusillus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus quadrangularis (Burm.f.) Aiton
- Gladiolus quadrangulus (D.Delaroche) Barnard
- Gladiolus recurvus L.
- Gladiolus reginae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus rehmannii Baker
- Gladiolus rhodanthus J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
- Gladiolus richardsiae Goldblatt
- Gladiolus robertsoniae F.Bolus
- Gladiolus robiliartianus P.A.Duvign.
- Gladiolus rogersii Baker
- Gladiolus roseolus Chiov.
- Gladiolus roseovenosus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus rubellus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus rudis Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Gladiolus rufomarginatus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus rupicola Vaupel
- Gladiolus saccatus (Klatt) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus salmoneicolor P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
- Gladiolus salteri G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus saundersii Hook.f.
- Gladiolus saxatilis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus scabridus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus schweinfurthii (Baker) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus scullyi Baker
- Gladiolus sekukuniensis P.J.D.Winter
- Gladiolus sempervirens G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus serapiiflorus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus serenjensis Goldblatt
- Gladiolus sericeovillosus Hook.f.
- Gladiolus serpenticola Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus somalensis Goldblatt & Thulin
- Gladiolus speciosus Thunb.
- Gladiolus splendens (Sweet) Herb.
- Gladiolus stefaniae Oberm.
- Gladiolus stellatus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus stenolobus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus stenosiphon Goldblatt
- Gladiolus stokoei G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus subcaeruleus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus sudanicus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus sufflavus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus sulculatus Goldblatt
- Gladiolus × sulistrovicus Kaminski, Szczep. & Cieslak
- Gladiolus symonsii F.Bolus
- Gladiolus szovitsii Grossh.
- Gladiolus taubertianus Schltr.
- Gladiolus tenuis M.Bieb.
- Gladiolus teretifolius Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus trichonemifolius Ker Gawl.
- Gladiolus triphyllus (Sm.) Ker Gawl.
- Gladiolus tristis L.
- Gladiolus tshombeanus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
- Gladiolus uitenhagensis Goldblatt & Vlok
- Gladiolus undulatus L.
- Gladiolus unguiculatus Baker
- Gladiolus usambarensis Marais ex Goldblatt
- Gladiolus uysiae L.Bolus ex G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus vaginatus F.Bolus
- Gladiolus vandermerwei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gladiolus variegatus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus varius F.Bolus
- Gladiolus velutinus De Wild.
- Gladiolus venustus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus verdickii De Wild. & T.Durand
- Gladiolus vernus Oberm.
- Gladiolus vexillare Martelli
- Gladiolus vigilans Barnard
- Gladiolus vinosomaculatus Kies
- Gladiolus violaceolineatus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus virescens Thunb.
- Gladiolus virgatus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus viridiflorus G.J.Lewis
- Gladiolus watermeyeri L.Bolus
- Gladiolus watsonioides Baker
- Gladiolus watsonius Thunb.
- Gladiolus wilsonii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
- Gladiolus woodii Baker
- Gladiolus zambesiacus Baker
- Gladiolus zimbabweensis Goldblatt
Synonyms
- Acidanthera Hochst.
- Anisanthus Sweet
- Anomalesia N.E.Br.
- Antholyza L.
- Ballosporum Salisb.
- Bertera Steud.
- Cunonia Mill.
- Dortania A.Chev.
- × Gladanthera J.M.Wright
- Hebea R.Hedw.
- × Homoglad Ingram
- Homoglossum Salisb.
- Hyptissa Salisb.
- Keitia Regel
- Kentrosiphon N.E.Br.
- Liliogladiolus Trew
- Oenostachys Bullock
- Ophiolyza Salisb.
- Petamenes Salisb. ex J.W.Loudon
- Petamenes Salisb. ex N.E.Br.
- Ranisia Salisb.
- Solenanthus Steud. ex Klatt
- Sphaerospora Sweet
- Symphydolon Salisb.
Other Data
Gladiolus Tourn. ex L. appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (10 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Congo, DRC | 18184.000 | |||
Congo, DRC | 18185.000 | |||
19040.000 | ||||
19041.000 | ||||
Malawi | 23534.000 | |||
Milne-Redhead, E. [3009], Zambia | 38426.000 | |||
Brenan, J.P.M. [4945], Zambia | 22823.000 | |||
Bullock, A.A. [2345], Tanzania | 23533.000 | |||
Rico, L. [1665], Armenia | K000297354 | |||
Pollard, B.J. [334], Cameroon | 77439.000 |
Bibliography
First published in Sp. Pl.: 36 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.
- Innes, C. (1985). The World of Iridaceae: 1-407. Holly Gare International Ltd., Ashington.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- F.T.A. 7: 360.
- Sp. Pl. 36 (1753)
Flora Zambesiaca
- Goldblatt & de Vos in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 4, B, Adansonia 11: 417–428 (1989).
- G.J. Lewis et al. in J. S. African Bot., Suppl. 10: 6–316 (1972).
- Baker in F.T.A. 7: 360 (1898).
- Sp. Pl.: 36 (1753).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Goldblatt, Gladiolus Trop. Afr. (1996)
- Baker in F.T.A. 7: 360 (1898)
- sp Pl.: 36 (1753)
Sources
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0