- Family: Orchidaceae Juss.
Oeceoclades Lindl.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is Africa.
Descriptions
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Orchidaceae, V. S. Summerhayes. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1968
- Habit
- Terrestrial, rarely epiphytic herbs
- Pseudobulbs
- Pseudobulbs close together, usually ovoid to fusiform, ± approximate, usually heteroblastic (with only one internode elongated, the remaining basal ones very short), apex 1–3-leaved, up to 15 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, but often narrower
- Leaves
- Leaves usually with duplicate vernation, coriaceous, conduplicate, often variegated, usually petiolate, the petiole articulate some distance above the base and sometimes above the middle, the line of articulation consisting of a number of irregular blunt or acute teeth or occasionally ± regular
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences arising from the base of the pseudobulb, often exceeding the leaves, simply racemose or frequently paniculate; bracts inconspicuous, rarely with a basal extrafloral nectary
- Flowers
- Flowers resupinate, rather small, thin in texture
- Perianth
- Sepals and petals free, variously spreading, similar, the petals usually slightly shorter and broader
- Labellum
- Lip decurved, spurred, 3- or apparently 4-lobed; side lobes erect; mid-lobe usually lobulate or emarginate; disc either with 2 approximate, quadrate or triangular calli at the spur entrance or with 3 variously thickened, parallel ridges which together with the lateral nerves are sparsely but distinctly papillose or hirsute
- Column
- Column erect, short, oblique at the base or with a short foot; anther cucullate or cristate; pollinia 2, ovoid or pyriform, on a short or rudimentary stipe; viscidium large; stigmata confluent; rostellum short.
According to Flora Zambesiaca
[FZ]Orchidaceae, I. la Croix & P.J. Cribb. Flora Zambesiaca 11:2. 1998
- Habit
- Terrestrial herbs, rarely epiphytic.
- Pseudobulbs
- Pseudobulbs set close together, heteroblastic, ovoid to fusiform, 1–3-leaved at the apex.
- Leaves
- Leaves coriaceous, conduplicate, not plicate, often variegated, usually petiolate with the petiole articulate above the base.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences arising from base of the pseudobulb, simple or branched, several- to many-flowered.
- Flowers
- Flowers resupinate, relatively small, thin-textured.
- Calyx
- Sepals and petals free, variously spreading, subsimilar, the petals usually shorter and broader than the sepals.
- Labellum
- Lip spurred, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe usually 2-lobed or emarginate so that the lip appears 4-lobed; disk either with 2 quadrate or triangular calli at the mouth of the spur or with 3 variously thickened, parallel ridges which, together with the lateral veins, are sparsely but distinctly papillose or hirsute.
- Column
- Column erect, rather short, oblique at the base; anther cucullate or cristate; pollinia 2, ovoid or pyriform, on a short or rudimentary stipes; viscidium large; stigmata confluent; rostellum short.
According to Eulophiinae: e-monocot.org
[E-EM]- Distribution
-
Oeceoclades comprises about 50 species, widespread in Madagascar and the African tropics. It is also found in tropical Asia, the southwestern Pacific islands, Australia, and recently the Neotropics. The centre of diversity lies in Madagascar. Oeceoclades pulchra (Thouars) M.A.Clem. & P.J.Cribb ranges from tropical Africa and Madagascar to tropical Asia, Australia, and the southwestern Pacific islands. Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. is widespread in the tropical Americas as well as tropical Africa and Madagascar. Stern (1988) reasoned that this species originated in Africa and may have then seeded across the Atlantic in the Paleocene (54 million years ago) when Africa and South America were only 500 miles apart and spanned by volcanic islands, promoted by the development of autogamy; this hypothesis can be discounted due to the low levels of genetic divergence in this genus. It has to be a recent long-distance dispersal, perhaps man-assisted. It is weedy and is actively expanding its range. (PC, AP).
- Ecology
-
Many coriaceous-leaved species grow in sandy soils in dry forests and scrub at sea level and slightly higher elevations inland. A few coriaceous-leaved species are found in dry tropical forests on limestone in karst areas. The plicate-leaved species are found in moister tropical evergreen forests, often in montane and low-elevation forests, from sea level to 1400 m. (PC).
- General Description
-
Terrestrial herbs, rarely epiphytic.Pseudobulbs set close together, heteroblastic, ovoid to fusiform, 1–3-leaved at the apex.Leaves coriaceous, conduplicate, not plicate, often variegated, usually petiolate with the petiole articulate above the base.Inflorescences arising from base of the pseudobulb, simple or branched, several- to many-flowered.Flowers resupinate, relatively small, thin-textured.Sepals and petals free, variously spreading, subsimilar, the petals usually shorter and broader than the sepals.Lip spurred, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe usually 2-lobed or emarginate so that the lip appears 4-lobed; disk either with 2 quadrate or triangular calli at the mouth of the spur or with 3 variously thickened, parallel ridges which, together with the lateral veins, are sparsely but distinctly papillose or hirsute.Column erect, rather short, oblique at the base; anther cucullate or cristate; pollinia 2, ovoid or pyriform, on a short or rudimentary stipes; viscidium large; stigmata confluent; rostellum short.
Terrestrial or rarely lithophytic herbs. Roots basal. Perennating organ stem-like or pseudobulbous, cylindrical, fusiform, conical or ovoid, heteroblastic, often angular in cross-section. Leaves linear, lanceolate, ovate or elliptic, acute to acuminate, conduplicate and coriaceous or plicate, articulate at base, usually petiolate, green or mottled with light and dark green, rarely flushed with purple. Infl orescence lateral, usually exceeding leaves, simple or branching; bracts inconspicuous, persistent, rarely with an extrafl oral nectary. Flowers white, yellow, green or brown, sometimes purplestriped; labellum white or yellow with purple venation. Dorsal sepal free, erect to porrect, obovate to spatulate; lateral sepals oblique at base, otherwise similar to dorsal sepal. Petals free, similar or dissimilar to sepals, obovate to elliptic-oblong, often broader than sepals, often porrect. Labellum free to base, trilobed, spurred at the base, callose, lateral lobes free to base of column, midlobe fl at or convex; callus two- or three-ridged. Column with a distinct foot; pollinia two, ovoid or pyriform. Ovary cylindrical, grooved. (PC).
Terrestrial, rarely epiphytic herbs. Pseudobulbs close together, usually ovoid to fusiform, ± approximate, usually heteroblastic (with only one internode elongated, the remaining basal ones very short), apex 1–3-leaved, up to 15 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, but often narrower. Leaves usually with duplicate vernation, coriaceous, conduplicate, often variegated, usually petiolate, the petiole articulate some distance above the base and sometimes above the middle, the line of articulation consisting of a number of irregular blunt or acute teeth or occasionally ± regular. Inflorescences arising from the base of the pseudobulb, often exceeding the leaves, simply racemose or frequently paniculate; bracts inconspicuous, rarely with a basal extrafloral nectary. Flowers resupinate, rather small, thin in texture. Sepals and petals free, variously spreading, similar, the petals usually slightly shorter and broader. Lip decurved, spurred, 3- or apparently 4-lobed; side lobes erect; mid-lobe usually lobulate or emarginate; disc either with 2 approximate, quadrate or triangular calli at the spur entrance or with 3 variously thickened, parallel ridges which together with the lateral nerves are sparsely but distinctly papillose or hirsute. Column erect, short, oblique at the base or with a short foot; anther cucullate or cristate; pollinia 2, ovoid or pyriform, on a short or rudimentary stipe; viscidium large; stigmata confluent; rostellum short.
Uses
According to Eulophiinae: e-monocot.org
[E-EM]- Use
-
Some species such as O. maculata and O. pulchra are sometimes cultivated. An extract of an unidentified species is drunk as an aphrodisiac (reported as Eulophidium, Lawler 1984). (AP).
Images
Distribution
Doubtfully present in:
India
Native to:
Angola, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Comoros, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Extinct in:
Seychelles
Introduced into:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Florida, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Southeast, Netherlands Antilles, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is.
Accepted Species
- Oeceoclades alismatophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades ambongensis (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades ambrensis (H.Perrier) Bosser & Morat
- Oeceoclades analamerensis (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades analavelensis (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades angustifolia (Senghas) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades antsingyensis G.Gerlach
- Oeceoclades atrovirens (Lindl.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades aurea Loubr.
- Oeceoclades beravensis (Rchb.f.) R.Bone & Buerki
- Oeceoclades boinensis (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades calcarata (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades callmanderi Bosser
- Oeceoclades cordylinophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades decaryana (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades flavescens Bosser & Morat
- Oeceoclades furcata Bosser & Morat
- Oeceoclades gracillima (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades hebdingiana (Guillaumin) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades humbertii (H.Perrier) Bosser & Morat
- Oeceoclades lanceata (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades latifolia (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades lavergneae J.-B.Castillon
- Oeceoclades lonchophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades longebracteata Bosser & Morat
- Oeceoclades lubbersiana (De Wild. & Laurent) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl.
- Oeceoclades pandurata (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades perrieri (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades petiolata (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades peyrotii Bosser & Morat
- Oeceoclades quadriloba (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades rauhii (Senghas) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades saundersiana (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades sclerophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades seychellarum (Rolfe ex Summerh.) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades spathulifera (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades ugandae (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor
- Oeceoclades versicolor (Frapp. ex Cordem.) J.-B.Castillon
- Oeceoclades zanzibarica (Summerh.) Garay & P.Taylor
Synonyms
Other Data
Oeceoclades Lindl. appears in other Kew resources:
Bibliography
First published in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1522 (1832)
Accepted by
- Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two) Genera Orchidacearum 5: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-71827. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora Zambesiaca
- Garay & P. Taylor in Bot. Mus. Leafl. [Harv. Univ.] 24, 9: 249–274 (1976).
- in Edward’s Bot. Reg. 18: sub t. 1522 (1832).
Eulophiinae: e-monocot.org
- Bone, R.E., J. Smith, A.C., Arrigo, N. & Buerki, S. A macro-ecological perspective on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis evolution in Afro-Madagascan drylands: Eulophiinae orchids as a case study. New Phytologist n/a - n/a (2015).doi:10.111
- Lindley, J. Original description of Oeceoclades. 18, (1842).
- Garay, L.A. & Taylor, P. The genus Oeceoclades. (1976).at
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- in Bot. Reg. 18, sub t. 1522 (1832)
Sources
Eulophiinae: e-monocot.org
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All Rights Reserved
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0