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  1. Family: Boraginaceae Juss.

    1. Lithospermum L.

        2. This genus is accepted, and is native to Europe, East Himalaya, Africa, Southern America, Northern America and Asia-Temperate..

    [FZ]

    Boraginaceae, E. S. Martins (Trichodesma by R. K. Brummit). Flora Zambesiaca 7:4. 1990

    Habit
    Perennial herbs or undershrubs.
    Leaves
    Leaves alternate, entire.
    Flowers
    Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, isostylous or heterostylous, on leafy terminal or axillary cymes.
    Calyx
    Calyx lobed to near the base.
    Corolla
    Corolla cylindrical to infundibuliform, orange, yellowish or whitish; tube with 5 more or less glandular invaginations in the throat and with a ring of nectaries at the base, inside; lobes imbricate in bud.
    Stamens
    Stamens inserted about the middle or near the top of the corolla tube, included.
    Ovary
    Ovary with 4 free lobes, inserted on the narrow gynobase.
    Style
    Style gynobasic, filiform, entire or sometimes slightly 2-fid at the apex, included or sometimes almost exserted.
    Stigma
    Stigmas 2, terminal or subtenninal or 1, bilobed.
    Fruits
    Fruit dry, consisting of 4 nutlets or less by abortion; nutlets detaching completely from the receptacle, ovoid to ellipsoid, erect, smooth, white and shining, with the dorsal surface convex and the ventral one obtusely angular with a flat or convex point of attachment.
    [FTEA]

    Boraginaceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1991

    Habit
    Perennial or rarely annual or biennial erect or spreading herbs or subshrubs with hispid, strigose or densely hairy stems
    Leaves
    Leaves alternate, entire, the venation usually obscure
    Flowers
    Flowers yellow, orange or white, regular, sometimes heterostylous, in few–several-flowered simple or paired, terminal or axillary scorpioid cymes; bracts leafy, numerous, exceeding the calyx
    Calyx
    Calyx-lobes 5, linear-cuneate or lanceolate, usually much shorter than the corolla-tube, the abaxial the largest
    Corolla
    Corolla funnel-shaped or cylindrical, velvety outside; tube straight, glabrous or pubescent at the base inside, the throat with small velvety or glandular appendages, less often naked; lobes 5, spreading or rarely erect, imbricate, rounded, ovate, obovate or semicircular; nectaries on the internal face and at the base of the tube either as swellings, a narrow ring, lobes or small hairs
    Stamens
    Stamens inserted near the middle of the tube, included
    Pistil
    Ovary with 4 lobes; style gynobasic, simple, slender to rather stout, included or exserted; stigmas 2, globose, hemispherical or ellipsoid, terminal or situated just below the bilobed apex of the style
    Fruits
    Fruit of 4 nutlets or less by abortion, ovoid or ellipsoid, mostly very shiny and porcellanous, rarely verrucose or rugose.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Alabama, Albania, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Free State, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Illinois, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Malawi, Manchuria, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Missouri, Namibia, Netherlands, New Mexico, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, West Siberia, Wyoming, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

    Introduced into:

    Argentina South, Vermont

    Lithospermum L. appears in other Kew resources:

    First published in Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)

    Literature

    Flora Zambesiaca
    • Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 64 (1754).
    • Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • I.M. Johnston in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33: 299–365 (1952)
    • L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 64 (1754)
    • Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)

    Sources

    Flora Zambesiaca
    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0