- Family: Boraginaceae Juss.
Lithospermum L.
This genus is accepted, and is native to Europe, Africa, Southern America, Northern America and Asia-Temperate..
Descriptions
According to Flora Zambesiaca
[FZ]Boraginaceae, E. S. Martins (Trichodesma by R. K. Brummit). Flora Zambesiaca 7:4. 1990
- Habit
- Perennial herbs or undershrubs.
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, entire.
- Flowers
- Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, isostylous or heterostylous, on leafy terminal or axillary cymes.
- Calyx
- Calyx lobed to near the base.
- Corolla
- Corolla cylindrical to infundibuliform, orange, yellowish or whitish; tube with 5 more or less glandular invaginations in the throat and with a ring of nectaries at the base, inside; lobes imbricate in bud.
- Stamens
- Stamens inserted about the middle or near the top of the corolla tube, included.
- Ovary
- Ovary with 4 free lobes, inserted on the narrow gynobase.
- Style
- Style gynobasic, filiform, entire or sometimes slightly 2-fid at the apex, included or sometimes almost exserted.
- Stigma
- Stigmas 2, terminal or subtenninal or 1, bilobed.
- Fruits
- Fruit dry, consisting of 4 nutlets or less by abortion; nutlets detaching completely from the receptacle, ovoid to ellipsoid, erect, smooth, white and shining, with the dorsal surface convex and the ventral one obtusely angular with a flat or convex point of attachment.
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Boraginaceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1991
- Habit
- Perennial or rarely annual or biennial erect or spreading herbs or subshrubs with hispid, strigose or densely hairy stems
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, entire, the venation usually obscure
- Flowers
- Flowers yellow, orange or white, regular, sometimes heterostylous, in few–several-flowered simple or paired, terminal or axillary scorpioid cymes; bracts leafy, numerous, exceeding the calyx
- Calyx
- Calyx-lobes 5, linear-cuneate or lanceolate, usually much shorter than the corolla-tube, the abaxial the largest
- Corolla
- Corolla funnel-shaped or cylindrical, velvety outside; tube straight, glabrous or pubescent at the base inside, the throat with small velvety or glandular appendages, less often naked; lobes 5, spreading or rarely erect, imbricate, rounded, ovate, obovate or semicircular; nectaries on the internal face and at the base of the tube either as swellings, a narrow ring, lobes or small hairs
- Stamens
- Stamens inserted near the middle of the tube, included
- Pistil
- Ovary with 4 lobes; style gynobasic, simple, slender to rather stout, included or exserted; stigmas 2, globose, hemispherical or ellipsoid, terminal or situated just below the bilobed apex of the style
- Fruits
- Fruit of 4 nutlets or less by abortion, ovoid or ellipsoid, mostly very shiny and porcellanous, rarely verrucose or rugose.
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Alabama, Albania, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Free State, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Illinois, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Malawi, Manchuria, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Missouri, Namibia, Netherlands, New Mexico, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Transcaucasus, Turkey-in-Europe, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, West Siberia, Wyoming, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Argentina South, Vermont
Accepted Species
- Lithospermum affine DC.
- Lithospermum afromontanum Weim.
- Lithospermum album (G.L.Nesom) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum azuayense Weigend & Nürk
- Lithospermum barbigerum (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum berlandieri I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum bolivariense Weigend & Nürk
- Lithospermum calcicola B.L.Rob.
- Lithospermum californicum A.Gray
- Lithospermum calycosum (J.F.Macbr.) I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.
- Lithospermum caroliniense (J.F.Gmel.) MacMill.
- Lithospermum chiapense J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum cinerascens (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum cinereum DC.
- Lithospermum cobrense Greene
- Lithospermum confine I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum cuneifolium Pers.
- Lithospermum cuzcoense Weigend & Nürk
- Lithospermum decipiens (J.R.Allison) Weakley
- Lithospermum discolor M.Martens & Galeotti
- Lithospermum distichum Ortega
- Lithospermum diversifolium DC.
- Lithospermum dodrantale (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.
- Lithospermum exsertum (D.Don) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum flavum Sessé & Moc.
- Lithospermum flexuosum Lehm.
- Lithospermum gayanum (Wedd.) I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum guatemalense Donn.Sm.
- Lithospermum helleri (Small) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum hirsutum E.Mey. ex DC.
- Lithospermum incisum Lehm.
- Lithospermum indecorum I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum jimulcense I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum johnstonii J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum latifolium Michx.
- Lithospermum leonotis (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum leymebambense Weigend & Nürk
- Lithospermum macbridei I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum macromeria J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum matamorense DC.
- Lithospermum mediale I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum mirabile Small
- Lithospermum molle (Michx.) Muhl.
- Lithospermum muelleri I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum multiflorum Torr. ex A.Gray
- Lithospermum nelsonii Greenm.
- Lithospermum notatum (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum oaxacanum (B.L.Turner) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum oblongifolium Greenm.
- Lithospermum obovatum J.F.Macbr.
- Lithospermum occidentale (Mack.) Weakley
- Lithospermum officinale L.
- Lithospermum papillosum Thunb.
- Lithospermum parviflorum Weakley, Witsell & D.Estes
- Lithospermum peruvianum DC.
- Lithospermum pinetorum (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum pringlei I.M.Johnst.
- Lithospermum revolutum B.L.Rob.
- Lithospermum rodriguezii Weigend & Nürk
- Lithospermum rosei (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum ruderale Douglas ex Lehm.
- Lithospermum rzedowskii J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum scabrum Thunb.
- Lithospermum strictum Lehm.
- Lithospermum subsetosum (Mack. & Bush) Weakley
- Lithospermum trinervium (Lehm.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum tuberosum Rugel ex DC.
- Lithospermum tubuliflorum Greene
- Lithospermum turneri J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum unicum (J.F.Macbr.) J.I.Cohen
- Lithospermum virginianum L.
- Lithospermum viride Greene
Synonyms
Other Data
Lithospermum L. appears in other Kew resources:
Bibliography
First published in Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)
Literature
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 64 (1754).
- Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- I.M. Johnston in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33: 299–365 (1952)
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 64 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 132 (1753)
Sources
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0