- Family: Fabaceae Lindl.
Vigna Savi
This genus is accepted, and is native to Asia-Tropical, Africa, Pacific, Southern America, Australasia, Northern America and Asia-Temperate..
[FTEA]
Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971
- Habit
- Climbing, prostrate or erect herbs or subshrubs, rarely small shrubs, mostly from woody or tuberous rootstocks
- Leaves
- Leaves pinnately, more rarely subdigitately, 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate; stipules truncate, bilobed or spurred at the base or sometimes quite peltate; stipels ± persistent, rarely absent
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences axillary or terminal, falsely racemose or flowers in dense 1-many-flowered subumbellate clusters or fasciculate; rhachis usually thickened and glandular at the point of insertion of the pedicels; bracts and bracteoles ± deciduous
- Calyx
- Calyx 5-lobed, 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed,the middle lobe usually the longest; upper lip of 2 lobes completely or partly united
- Corolla
- Corolla small or medium-sized, yellow, blue or purple; standard with inflexed auricles and 2–4 appendages or sometimes a single structure on the internal face, less often without appendages; keel truncate, obtuse or conspicuously beaked, sometimes the beak incurved through up to 360° (in some species the keel is twisted and untidy-looking and in others there is a distinct conical pocket on the left-hand petal)
- Stamens
- Vexillary stamen free; 5 shorter filaments (including the vexillary one) sometimes (in subgen. Haydonia) with a pair of joined glands below each anther; anthers uniform
- Pistil
- Ovary 3–many-ovuled; style with tenuous lower part obsolete to quite long, filiform or flattened, upper part thickened and cartilaginous, straight or curved, upper portion barbate or hirsute on the internal face, sometimes produced beyond the stigma to form a short to long subulate or rarely flattened or capitate beak; stigma completely lateral, oblique or rarely ± terminal
- Fruits
- Pods linear or linear-oblong, cylindrical or flattened, straight or ± curved, usually ± septate
- Seeds
- Seeds mostly reniform or quadrate; hilum small or elongate; aril obsolete to well developed, usually eccentric, often 3-pronged.
[LOWO]
Legumes of the World. Edited by G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. MacKinder & M. Lock. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2005)
- Note
-
Previous accounts of the Phaseoleae by Baudet (1978) and Lackey (1981) recognised 90 and 84 genera and c. 1540 and 1480 species respectively in the tribe. In an equivalent, i.e. traditionally held view of Phaseoleae, 89 genera and (1554)–1567–(1580) species are treated here (Table 9; Fig. 47). Changes between Baudet (1978) and this treatment are that eleven genera are now in synonymy or have subsequently been placed in Millettieae, two genera have been transferred from Desmodieae and eight new genera have been added. Vigna has traditionally been thought to comprise some 150–200 species, but Vigna sens. strict. may contain fewer than 100.
Recent molecular analyses of the tribe, however, have emphasised both the polyphyletic and paraphyletic nature of Phaseoleae as traditionally circumscribed (Bruneau & Doyle, 1990; Doyle & Doyle, 1993; Delgado Salinas et al., 1993; Bruneau et al., 1995; Doyle et al., 1997, 2000; Kajita et al., 2001; Goel et al., 2001; Lee & Hymowitz, 2001). This has required a radical realignment of elements of the phaseoloids (Table 9; Fig. 47), with at least two major clades being evident: Phaseoleae subtribes Diocleinae and Ophrestiinae which together with tribe Abreae are allied to the core-Millettieae (Fig. 45), and the remaining groups comprising a Phaseoleae sens. lat. clade. The rbcL phylogeny of Kajita et al. (2001) and the ITS analysis of Hu et al. (2002) are equivocal as to which clade subtribe Clitoriinae belongs. Phaseoleae sens. lat. also includes two traditionally independent tribes, the Desmodieae and Psoraleeae. Delimiting a recircumscribed Phaseoleae sens. strict is thus very problematic. A solution may be to recognise a broad tribe Phaseoleae, comprising the subtribes Kennediinae, Cajaninae, Phaseolinae and Glycininae, assorted basally branching genera, and tribes Desmodieae and Psoraleeae (both treated at subtribal level).
The New World species of Vigna may be significantly reduced with the removal of subgenus Sigmoidotropis (c. 17 spp., including V. caracalla (L.) Verdc., illustrated above) which is polyphyletic with respect to the rest of Vigna (Delgado Salinas et al., 1993) - Habit
- Herbs
- Ecology
- Seasonally dry tropical woodland, wooded grassland and grassland, often in well drained sites with low fertility
- Distribution
- Palaeotropics and subtropics (c. 80-85 spp., mostly in Africa [c. 55-60 spp.; 4 spp. endemic to Madagascar] and SE Asia [c. 21 spp.]), c. 22 spp. in Neotropics and subtropics (but see taxonomic notes)
[FZ]
Leguminosae, B. Mackinder, R. Pasquet, R. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora Zambesiaca 3:5. 2001
- Habit
- Climbing, twining, prostrate or erect herbs or subshrubs, rarely small shrubs, mostly from woody or tuberous rootstocks, without hooked hairs (as in Phaseolus).
- Leaves
- Leaves pinnately, more rarely subdigitately, 3-foliolate, 1-foliolate or simple; leaflets entire, venation usually reticulate, rarely with secondary nerves parallel (V. multinervis) or tertiary nerves parallel; stipules usually bilobed or spurred at the base, sometimes peltate, rarely truncate; stipels persistent, rarely absent.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence axillary, falsely racemose or flowers in dense 1–many-flowered subumbellate clusters or fasciculate; rhachis thickened and glandular at the point of insertion of the pedicels, flowers paired at each node; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, usually similar in shape and nervation; pedicel shorter than or as long as the calyx, extending or not as the pod matures.
- Calyx
- Calyx 5-lobed, 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe usually the longest; upper lip of 2 lobes completely or partly united.
- Corolla
- Corolla small or medium-sized, yellow, blue or purple inside (internal face of standard, external face of wings), greenish outside (external face of standard), all petals of subequal length; standard glabrous (except in V. heterophylla), emarginate, usually slightly wider than long and symmetrical, with inflexed auricles and appendages on the internal face, less often without appendages; appendages of the standard are based on a U-shaped pattern with one on each half of the standard, but the pattern is rarely complete; it can be reduced to the central part of the U with the appendages appearing parallel and very close together (central position), or sometimes joined and appearing V- or X-shaped (V.luteola or V. monophylla for example); it can be reduced to the lateral part of the U with the appendages appearing parallel but spaced apart (lateral position) (as in V. unguiculata); it can be reduced to the basal part of the U with the appendages appearing perpendicular to the standard axis (V. comosa); keel whitish except for the beak (if there is a beak), usually fused on the upper side, truncate, obtuse or conspicuously beaked, sometimes the beak incurved through up to 180° (V. radiata), sometimes with a distinct conical pocket on the left-hand petal (V. vexillata for example).
- Stamens
- Vexillary stamen free; 5 shorter filaments (including the vexillary one) sometimes with a pair of joined glands below each anther (in subgenus Haydonia); anthers uniform.
- Pollen
- Pollen triporate, exine coarsely reticulate (except in subgenus Haydonia).
- Pistil
- Ovary 1–many-ovuled; style with tenuous lower part obsolete to quite long, filiform or flattened, upper part thickened and cartilaginous, straight or curved, upper portion barbate or hirsute on the internal face, produced beyond the stigma to form a short to long subulate beak (except in subgenus Haydonia); stigma completely lateral or oblique.
- Fruits
- Pods linear or linear-oblong, usually terete, rarely flattened (V. macrorhyncha), with sutures not raised (except V. macrorhyncha), straight or curved, not septate (seeds are separated by a spongy tissue, not as woody as in Dysolobium and Pachyrhizus); style caducous.
- Seeds
- Seeds mostly reniform or quadrate, thickness usually slightly less than width, usually cream-coloured, cream-coloured in combination with grey, mottled and speckled patterns, or black; hilum small or elongate; aril obsolete to well developed, usually excentric, often 3-pronged.
- Cytology
- Chromosome count usually 2n=22, rarely 2n=20.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1–4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Distribution
- Some 100 species throughout the tropics.
- Habit
- Climbing, prostrate or erect herbs or subshrubs
- Leaves
- Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or (not in Somalia) 1-foliolate
- Stipules
- Stipules bilobed or spurred at the base, sometimes peltate
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences axillary or terminal, pseudoracemose or flowers in subumbellate clusters
- Calyx
- Calyx 5-lobed, 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip of 2 lobes completely or partly united
- Stamens
- Vexillary stamen free
- Style
- Style with the upper part thickened, straight or curved, upper portion bearded or hirsute on the internal face, sometimes produced beyond the stigma
- Fruits
- Pods linear, cylindrical or flattened.
[FTEA]
Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971
- Habit
- Herb with short creeping stems
- Leaves
- Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules spurred, striate; stipels small, persistent
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences axillary, few-flowered; peduncle bending downwards after flowering so that the fruits develop underground
- Flowers
- Fertile flowers small, without petals, ± 2 mm. long; functionally male flowers possessing petals
- Calyx
- Calyx 5-lobed, 2-lipped; lower lip of 3 short lobes; upper pair of lobes joined to form a bifid lip
- Corolla
- Standard auriculate, with 2 obscure appendages, glabrous
- Stamens
- Vexillary stamen free; anthers uniform
- Ovary
- Ovary 1–3-ovuled
- Fruits
- Pods irregularly oblong-obovoid, beaked with a recurved style-base
- Seeds
- Seeds ovoid or ellipsoid, slightly keeled; hilum elliptic, placed towards one end; aril almost obsolete, thin, white.
>
[LOWO]
- Use
- Many species are major pulse, vegetable, fodder and green manure crops, e.g., V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi (azuki or adzuki bean) ; V. mungo (L.) Hepper (urd bean, black gram) ; V. radiata (L.) R.Wilczek (mung bean, green gram) ; V. umbellata (Thunb.) Owhi & H.Ohashi (rice bean) ; V. aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal (moth bean) ; V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cowpea, yard long bean) and V. subterranea (L.) Verdc. (bambara groundnut, bambara bean)
Native to:
Alabama, Aldabra, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Cayman Is., Central African Repu, Central American Pac, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Free State, French Guiana, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kazan-retto, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Extinct in:
Socotra
Introduced into:
Algeria, Arkansas, Bermuda, Christmas I., Illinois, Inner Mongolia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Libya, Mississippi, North Caucasus, Oman, Primorye, Qinghai, Sakhalin, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang
- Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal
- Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Baker
- Vigna angivensis Baker
- Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
- Vigna antunesii Harms
- Vigna bequaertii R.Wilczek
- Vigna bosseri Du Puy & Labat
- Vigna bourneae Gamble
- Vigna clarkei Prain
- Vigna comosa Baker
- Vigna dalzelliana (Kuntze) Verdc.
- Vigna debanensis Martelli
- Vigna dolomitica R.Wilczek
- Vigna exilis Tateishi & Maxted
- Vigna filicaulis Hepper
- Vigna fischeri Harms
- Vigna friesiorum Harms
- Vigna frutescens A.Rich.
- Vigna gazensis Baker f.
- Vigna glabrescens Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier
- Vigna gracilicaulis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
- Vigna gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Hook.f.
- Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted
- Vigna hainiana Babu, Gopin. & S.K.Sharma
- Vigna halophila (Piper) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier
- Vigna haumaniana R.Wilczek
- Vigna heterophylla A.Rich.
- Vigna hirtella Ridl.
- Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer
- Vigna indica T.M.Dixit, K.V.Bhat & S.R.Yadav
- Vigna jaegeri Harms
- Vigna juncea Milne-Redh.
- Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.
- Vigna keraudrenii Du Puy & Labat
- Vigna khandalensis (Santapau) Sundararagh. & Wadhwa
- Vigna kirkii (Baker) J.B.Gillett
- Vigna kokii B.J.Pienaar
- Vigna konkanensis Latha, K.V.Bhat, I.S.Bisht, Scariah, K.J.John & Krishnaraj
- Vigna lanceolata Benth.
- Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.
- Vigna laurentii De Wild.
- Vigna lobatifolia Baker
- Vigna lonchophylla Piper
- Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.
- Vigna longissima Hutch.
- Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.
- Vigna malayana M.R.Hend.
- Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr.
- Vigna membranacea A.Rich.
- Vigna mendesii Torre
- Vigna microsperma R.Vig.
- Vigna mildbraedii Harms
- Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
- Vigna monantha Thulin
- Vigna monophylla Taub.
- Vigna mudenia B.J.Pienaar
- Vigna mukerjeeanus (Babu ex Raizada) Raizada
- Vigna multinervis Hutch. & Dalziel
- Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
- Vigna myrtifolia Piper
- Vigna nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted
- Vigna nervosa Markötter
- Vigna nigritia Hook.f.
- Vigna nuda N.E.Br.
- Vigna nyangensis Mithen
- Vigna oblongifolia A.Rich.
- Vigna owahuensis Vogel
- Vigna pandeyana Gore, S.P.Gaikwad & Randive
- Vigna parkeri Baker
- Vigna phoenix Brummitt
- Vigna platyloba Welw. ex Hiern
- Vigna procera Welw. ex Hiern
- Vigna pseudovenulosa (Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier) Pasquet & Maesen
- Vigna pubigera Baker
- Vigna pygmaea R.E.Fr.
- Vigna racemosa (G.Don) Hutch. & Dalziel ex Baker f.
- Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek
- Vigna radicans Welw. ex Baker
- Vigna ramanniana Rossbach
- Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata
- Vigna reticulata Hook.f.
- Vigna richardsiae Verdc.
- Vigna sahyadriana Aitawade, K.V.Bhat & S.R.Yadav
- Vigna sathishiana Balan & Predeep
- Vigna schimperi Baker
- Vigna schlechteri Harms
- Vigna somaliensis Baker f.
- Vigna stenophylla Harms
- Vigna suberecta Benth.
- Vigna subramaniana (Babu ex Raizada) Raizada
- Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
- Vigna tenuicaulis N.Tomooka & Maxted
- Vigna tisserantiana Pellegr.
- Vigna trichocarpa (C.Wright) A.Delgado
- Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.
- Vigna triodiophila A.E.Holland & R.Butcher
- Vigna triphylla (R.Wilczek) Verdc.
- Vigna truxillensis (Kunth) N.Zamora
- Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
- Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
- Vigna venulosa Baker
- Vigna verdcourtii Pasquet
- Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich.
- Vigna wittei Baker f.
- Vigna yadavii S.P.Gaikwad, Gore, Randive & Garad
Vigna Savi appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aug 1, 2010 | Mackinder, B. [224], Cameroon | K000108259 | ||
Dec 1, 2000 | Etuge, M. [4570], Cameroon | K000338570 | ||
Jan 19, 1993 | Broom, Dr. [35], Australia | K000279326 | ||
Jan 1, 1983 | Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [8559], Cameroon | K000087363 | ||
Hepper, F.N. [2112], Cameroon | K000087366 | |||
Maitland, T.D. [906], Cameroon | K000087372 | |||
Ollerton, J. [188], Guyana | 77549.000 | |||
Burchell, W.J. [1537], Brazil | K000931231 | |||
Mueller, F. von [s.n.], Australia | K000279293 | |||
Mueller, F. von [s.n.], Australia | K000279300 | |||
Mitchell, T.L. [s.n.], Australia | K000279302 | |||
Bidwill [s.n.], Australia | K000279303 | |||
Brunt, M.A. [562], Cameroon | K000087451 |
First published in Nuovo Giorn. Lett., ser. 3, 8: 113 (1824)
Accepted by
- Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 2: 194.
Flora Zambesiaca
- Verdcourt in Taxon 27: 221 (1978).
- in Pisa Nuov. Giorn. Lett. 8: 113 (1824) nom. conserv.
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- in Pisa Nuov. Giorn. Lett. 8: 113 (1824)
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
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Flora Zambesiaca
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Flora of Somalia
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Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
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Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
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© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Legumes of the World Online
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