- Family: Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Sonchus L.
This genus is accepted, and is native to Europe, Asia-Tropical, Africa, Southern America, Australasia and Asia-Temperate..
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Habit
- Herbs or subshrubs, with white latex; stems erect or scrambling, often hollow
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, often pinnatifid or pinnatisect; basal leaves smaller
- Inflorescences
- Capitula in corymbs or panicles, rarely solitary; involucre cylindrical to spreading, often woolly at base; phyllaries in several series, imbricate, the outermost smallest and becoming swollen at base; receptacle epaleate, pitted
- Florets
- Florets many, corolla yellow; anthers sagittate at base; style-arms with minute sweeping hairs
- Fruits
- Achenes flattened, few-ribbed; pappus of mixed bristles and fine hairs.
- Distribution
- Some 1000 species in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and North America, with some cosmopolitan weeds.
[FTEA]
Compositae, H. Beentje, C. Jeffrey & D.J.N. Hind. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2005
- Habit
- Herbs or subshrubs; stems erect or scrambling, often hollow
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, often pinnatifid or pinnatisect; basal (root-crown) leaves smaller
- Capitulum
- Capitula in corymbs or panicles, rarely solitary; involucre cylindrical to spreading, often woolly at base; phyllaries in several series, imbricate, the outermost smallest and becoming swollen at base; receptacle epaleate, pitted
- Florets
- Florets many; corolla yellow; anthers sagittate at base; style branches with minute sweeping hairs
- Fruits
- Achenes compressed, few-ribbed; pappus of mixed bristles and fine hairs.
[FZ]
Compositae, G. V. Pope. Flora Zambesiaca 6:1. 1992
- Habit
- Annual, perennial or biennial herbs.
- Stem
- Stems erect, sometimes scrambling, mostly solitary, branched above, leafy throughout or leaves ± crowded below, hollow (at least in the Flora Zambesiaca area).
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, cauline, undivided or runcinate to pinnately-lobed, ± auriculate to sagittate, margins subentire or acicular-denticulate to irregularly and sharply dentate; basal leaves smaller, less dissected.
- Capitulum
- Capitula few in terminal clusters, or many in lax compound corymbs, sometimes solitary, stalked or some subsessile.
- Receptacle
- Receptacle pitted, epaleate.
- Involucre
- Involucres 1–2 times as long as broad, cylindric-campanulate to spreading, ± persistently tomentose below, sometimes glabrous.
- Phyllaries
- Phyllaries several-seriate, imbricate, densely tomentose to glabrescent, sometimes glandular-setose outside, the outer eventually ± swollen at the base.
- Florets
- Florets numerous, yellow, the ligule sometimes reddish outside with age; anthers sagittate at the base with the auricles shortly setaceous-acuminate; style branches medium to long, sweeping hairs small.
- Fruits
- Achenes reddish-brown, narrowly obovoid to ellipsoid, ± compressed, glabrous, without a beak, ribbed; ribs 1–4, often with secondary ribs between, uniformly narrow, eventually ± swollen, or marginal ribs wing-like, smooth, rugulose or retrorsely and minutely tuberculate.
- Seeds
- Pappus several-seriate, dimorphic of stiff straight setae intermixed with down-like hairs.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Angola, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Buryatiya, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Central European Rus, Chad, Chatham Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Desventurados Is., Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Free State, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Hainan, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Juan Fernández Is., Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Madeira, Magadan, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nigeria, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Queensland, Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Selvagens, Senegal, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Australia, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Antipodean Is., Argentina Northeast, Arizona, Arkansas, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, California, Caroline Is., Chile Central, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Is., Fiji, Florida, Galápagos, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Kansas, Kazan-retto, Kentucky, Labrador, Leeward Is., Line Is., Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Namibia, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Dakota, Northern Territory, Northwest Territorie, Nova Scotia, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Réunion, Saskatchewan, Society Is., South Carolina, South China Sea, South Dakota, South Georgia, Tennessee, Texas, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tristan da Cunha, Tubuai Is., Turks-Caicos Is., Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Vermont, Virginia, Wake I., Washington, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon
- Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours.
- Sonchus × aemulus Merino
- Sonchus afromontanus R.E.Fr.
- Sonchus araraticus Nazarova & Barsegyan
- Sonchus arboreus DC.
- Sonchus arvensis L.
- Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
- Sonchus × beltraniae U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
- Sonchus berteroanus (Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus bipontini Asch.
- Sonchus bornmuelleri Pit.
- Sonchus bourgeaui Sch.Bip.
- Sonchus brachylobus Webb
- Sonchus brachyotus DC.
- Sonchus brassicifolius S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus briquetianus Gand.
- Sonchus bupleuroides (Font Quer) N.Kilian & Greuter
- Sonchus camporum (R.E.Fr.) Boulos ex C.Jeffrey
- Sonchus canariensis (Webb) Boulos
- Sonchus capillaris Svent.
- Sonchus cavanillesii Caball.
- Sonchus congestus Willd.
- Sonchus crassifolius Pourr. ex Willd.
- Sonchus daltonii Webb
- Sonchus dregeanus DC.
- Sonchus erzincanicus V.A.Matthews
- Sonchus esperanzae N.Kilian & Greuter
- Sonchus fauces-orci Knocke
- Sonchus fragilis Ball
- Sonchus friesii Boulos
- Sonchus fruticosus L.f.
- Sonchus gandogeri Pit.
- Sonchus gigas Boulos ex Humbert
- Sonchus gomeraensis Boulos
- Sonchus grandifolius Kirk
- Sonchus gummifer Link
- Sonchus heterophyllus (Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
- Sonchus hierrensis (Pit.) Boulos
- Sonchus hotha C.B.Clarke
- Sonchus hydrophilus Boulos
- Sonchus integrifolius Harv.
- Sonchus jacottetianus Thell.
- Sonchus jainii Chandrab., V.Chandras. & N.C.Nair
- Sonchus × jaquiniocephalus Svent.
- Sonchus kirkii Hamlin
- Sonchus laceratus (Phil.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus latifolius (Lowe) R.Jardim & M.Seq.
- Sonchus leptocephalus Cass.
- Sonchus lidii Boulos
- Sonchus lobatiflorus S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus luxurians (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey
- Sonchus macrocarpus Boulos & C.Jeffrey
- Sonchus maculiger H.Lindb.
- Sonchus malayanus Miq.
- Sonchus marginatus (Bertero ex Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus maritimus L.
- Sonchus masguindalii Pau & Font Quer
- Sonchus mauritanicus Boiss. & Reut.
- Sonchus × maynari Svent.
- Sonchus megalocarpus (Hook.f.) J.M.Black
- Sonchus melanolepis Fresen.
- Sonchus micranthus (Bertero ex Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus microcarpus (Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
- Sonchus microcephalus Mejías
- Sonchus nanus Sond. ex Harv.
- Sonchus neriifolius (Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus novae-zelandiae (Hook.f.) B.D.Jacks.
- Sonchus × novocastellanus Cirujano
- Sonchus obtusilobus R.E.Fr.
- Sonchus oleraceus L.
- Sonchus ortunoi Svent.
- Sonchus palmensis (Webb) Boulos
- Sonchus palustris L.
- Sonchus parathalassius J.G.Costa ex R.Jardim & M.Seq.
- Sonchus pendulus (Sch.Bip.) Sennikov
- Sonchus phoeniciformis S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus pinnatifidus Cav.
- Sonchus pinnatus Aiton
- Sonchus pitardii Boulos
- Sonchus platylepis Webb & Berthel.
- Sonchus pruinatus (Johow) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus pustulatus Willk.
- Sonchus radicatus Aiton
- Sonchus regis-jubae Pit.
- Sonchus regius (Skottsb.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus × rokosensis Sutorý
- Sonchus × rupicola (Svent.) A.Santos & Mejías
- Sonchus saudensis Boulos
- Sonchus schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
- Sonchus sinuatus S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus sosnowskyi Schchian
- Sonchus splendens S.C.Kim & Mejías
- Sonchus stenophyllus R.E.Fr.
- Sonchus suberosus Zohary & P.H.Davis
- Sonchus sventenii U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
- Sonchus tectifolius Svent.
- Sonchus tenerrimus L.
- Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski
- Sonchus tuberifer Svent.
- Sonchus ustulatus Lowe
- Sonchus webbii Sch.Bip.
- Sonchus wightianus DC.
- Sonchus wildpretii U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
- Sonchus wilmsii R.E.Fr.
Sonchus L. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Sp. Pl.: 793 (1753)
Accepted by
- Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —F.T.A. 3: 457.
Flora Zambesiaca
- in Bot. Not. 127: 7–37, 402–451 (1974).
- in Bot. Not. 126: 155–196 (1973)
- Boulos in Bot. Not.125: 287–319 (1972)
- C. Jeffrey in Kew Bull. 18: 478–482 (1966).
- Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 347 (1754).
- Sp. Pl. 2: 793 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by H. Beentje [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
- Boulos in Bot. Not. 125: 287–305 (1972).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- K.Bremer, Asteraceae Clad. & Class.: 189 (1994)
- Boulos, Bot. Notis. 125: 293 (1972)
- C. Jeffrey in K.B. 18: 478 (1966)
- R.E. Fr. in Acta Horti Berg. 8:92 (1924)
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 347 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 793 (1753)
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0