- Family: Amaranthaceae Juss.
Amaranthus L.
[FZ]
Amaranthaceae, C. C. Townsend. Flora Zambesiaca 9:1. 1988
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual or more rarely perennial herbs, glabrous or furnished with short and gland-like or multicellular hairs.
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, simple and entire or sinuate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence basically cymose, bracteate, consisting entirely of dense to lax axillary clusters or the upper clusters leafless and more or less approximate to form a lax or dense “spike” or panicle.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers monoecious or (not in Africa) dioecious, bibracteolate.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Perianth
- Perianth segments (2) 3–5, free or connate at the base, membranous, those of the female flowers sometimes slightly accrescent in fruit.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens free, usually similar in number to the perianth segments; anthers bilocular.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
- Stigmas 2–3.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary Ovules
- Ovule solitary, erect.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a dry capsule, indehiscent, irregularly rupturing or commonly dehiscing by a circumcissile lid.
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds usually black and shining, testa thin; embryo annular, endosperm present.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual or more rarely perennial herbs, glabrous or furnished with short and gland-like or multicellular hairs
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, entire or sinuate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence basically cymose, bracteate, formed of dense to lax axillary clusters or the upper clusters leafless and ± approximate to form a dense or lax “spike” or panicle
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers dioecious (not in Somalia) or monoecious
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Tepal
- Tepals (2–)3–5, free or almost so, those of the female flowers somewhat accrescent in fruit
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens usually isomerous with the tepals, free
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Ovary
- Ovary 1-ovulate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
- Stigmas 2–3
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a dry, indehiscent, irregularly rupturing or circumscissile capsule
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seed usually compressed, black and shining.
- Distribution
- About 100 species, chiefly in the tropical to warm temperate regions of the world, occurring as casual weeds in cooler temperate regions.
[FTEA]
Amaranthaceae, C.C. Townsend. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1985
- Morphology General Habit
- Annual or more rarely perennial herbs, glabrous or furnished with short and gland-like or multicellular hairs, dioecious (not in E. Africa) or monoecious
- Morphology Leaves
- Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, simple and entire or sinuate
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
- Inflorescence basically cymose, bracteate, consisting entirely of dense to lax axillary clusters or the upper clusters leafless and ± approximate to form a lax or dense “spike” or panicle
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
- Flowers bibracteolate; perianth-segments (2–)3–5, free or connate at the base, membranous, those of ♀ slightly accrescent in fruit
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens
- Stamens free, usually similar in number to the perianth-segments; anthers bilocular
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Stigma
- Stigmas 2–3; ovule solitary, erect
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
- Fruit a dry capsule, indehiscent, irregularly rupturing or commonly dehiscing by a circumscissile lid
- Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds
- Seeds usually black and shining; testa thin; embryo annular, endosperm present.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Assam, Austria, Azores, Bahamas, Baleares, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Bulgaria, Burkina, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Cayman Is., Central African Repu, Chad, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Congo, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Delaware, District of Columbia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Florida, France, Free State, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jawa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nevada, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sinai, Socotra, Solomon Is., Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Southwest Caribbean, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Turks-Caicos Is., Uganda, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Alaska, Aldabra, Amur, Andaman Is., Ascension, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, British Columbia, Burundi, Cambodia, Central European Rus, Chagos Archipelago, Chita, Christmas I., Cook Is., Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Gilbert Is., Great Britain, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hainan, Ireland, Irkutsk, Japan, Juan Fernández Is., Kazan-retto, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Laccadive Is., Maldives, Manchuria, Manitoba, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mexican Pacific Is., Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Netherlands, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nicobar Is., Niue, Norfolk Is., North European Russi, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Phoenix Is., Poland, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Québec, Québec, Québec, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., South China Sea, South European Russi, St.Helena, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tasmania, Tibet, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tristan da Cunha, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuva, Ukraine, Vanuatu, West Siberia, West Virginia, Western Sahara, Yakutskiya
- Amaranthus acanthobracteatus Henrard
- Amaranthus acanthochiton J.D.Sauer
- Amaranthus acutilobus Uline & W.L.Bray
- Amaranthus × adulterinus Thell.
- Amaranthus albus L.
- Amaranthus anderssonii J.T.Howell
- Amaranthus arenicola I.M.Johnst.
- Amaranthus asplundii Thell.
- Amaranthus atropurpureus Roxb.
- Amaranthus aureus F.Dietr.
- Amaranthus australis (A.Gray) J.D.Sauer
- Amaranthus bahiensis Mart.
- Amaranthus bengalense Saubhik Das & Iamonico
- Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson
- Amaranthus blitum L.
- Amaranthus brandegeei Standl.
- Amaranthus brownii Christoph. & Caum
- Amaranthus × budensis Priszter
- Amaranthus × cacciatoi (Aellen ex Cacciato) Iamonico
- Amaranthus californicus (Moq.) S.Watson
- Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) J.D.Sauer
- Amaranthus capensis Thell.
- Amaranthus cardenasianus Hunz.
- Amaranthus × caturus B.Heyne ex Hook.f.
- Amaranthus caudatus L.
- Amaranthus celosioides Kunth
- Amaranthus centralis J.Palmer & Mowatt
- Amaranthus clementii Domin
- Amaranthus cochleitepalus Domin
- Amaranthus commutatus A.Kern.
- Amaranthus congestus C.C.Towns.
- Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl.
- Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thévenau) A.Braun ex J.M.Coult. & S.Watson
- Amaranthus cruentus L.
- Amaranthus cuspidifolius Domin
- Amaranthus deflexus L.
- Amaranthus dinteri Schinz
- Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr.) Benth.
- Amaranthus floridanus (S.Watson) J.D.Sauer
- Amaranthus furcatus J.T.Howell
- Amaranthus graecizans L.
- Amaranthus grandiflorus (J.M.Black) J.M.Black
- Amaranthus greggii S.Watson
- Amaranthus hunzikeri N.Bayón
- Amaranthus hybridus L.
- Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.
- Amaranthus induratus C.A.Gardner ex J.Palmer & Mowatt
- Amaranthus interruptus R.Br.
- Amaranthus × jansen-wachterianus Thell.
- Amaranthus kloosianus Hunz.
- Amaranthus lepturus S.F.Blake
- Amaranthus lombardoi Hunz.
- Amaranthus looseri Suess.
- Amaranthus macrocarpus Benth.
- Amaranthus minimus Standl.
- Amaranthus mitchellii Benth.
- Amaranthus muricatus (Gillies ex Moq.) Hieron.
- Amaranthus neei D.B.Pratt, Sánch.Pino & Flores Olv.
- Amaranthus obcordatus (A.Gray) Standl.
- Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson
- Amaranthus paraganensis Saubhik Das
- Amaranthus pedersenianus N.Bayón & C.Peláez
- Amaranthus persimilis Hunz.
- Amaranthus peruvianus (Schauer) Standl.
- Amaranthus polygonoides L.
- Amaranthus powellii S.Watson
- Amaranthus praetermissus Brenan
- Amaranthus pumilus Raf.
- Amaranthus × pyxidatus (Contré) Iamonico
- Amaranthus × ralletii Contré
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.
- Amaranthus rhombeus R.Br.
- Amaranthus rosengurttii Hunz.
- Amaranthus saradhiana Sindu Arya, V.S.A.Kumar, W.K.Vishnu & Rajesh Kumar
- Amaranthus scariosus Benth.
- Amaranthus schinzianus Thell.
- Amaranthus scleranthoides (Andersson) Andersson
- Amaranthus scleropoides Uline & W.L.Bray
- Amaranthus sonoriensis Iamonico & El Mokni
- Amaranthus × soproniensis Priszter & Kárpáti
- Amaranthus sparganicephalus Thell.
- Amaranthus spinosus L.
- Amaranthus squamulatus (Andersson) B.L.Rob.
- Amaranthus standleyanus Parodi ex Covas
- Amaranthus × tamariscinus Nutt.
- Amaranthus tamaulipensis Henrickson
- Amaranthus × texensis Henrickson
- Amaranthus thunbergii Moq.
- Amaranthus torreyi (A.Gray) Benth. ex S.Watson
- Amaranthus tortuosus Hornem.
- Amaranthus tricolor L.
- Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D.Sauer
- Amaranthus tucsonensis Henrickson
- Amaranthus tunetanus Iamonico & El Mokni
- Amaranthus undulatus R.Br.
- Amaranthus urceolatus Benth.
- Amaranthus viridis L.
- Amaranthus viscidulus Greene
- Amaranthus vulgatissimus Speg.
- Amaranthus watsonii Standl.
- Amaranthus wrightii S.Watson
- Acanthochiton Torr.
- Acnida L.
- Albersia Kunth
- Amarantellus Speg.
- Amblogyna Raf.
- Bajan Adans.
- Blitum Scop.
- Blitum Heist. ex Fabr.
- Dimeiandra Raf.
- Euxolus Raf.
- Galliaria Bubani
- Glomeraria Cav.
- Goerziella Urb.
- Mengea Schauer
- Montelia A.Gray
- Pentrius Raf.
- Pyxidium Moench ex Montandon
- Roemeria Moench
- Sarratia Moq.
- Scleropus Schrad.
Amaranthus L. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in Sp. Pl.: 989 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Thellung in Asch. & Grabner Synopsis 5, 1: 225–356 (1914).
- —F.T.A. 6, 1: 30
Flora Zambesiaca
- Brenan, “The genus Amaranthus in Southern Africa”, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 47: 451–492 (1981).
- Sp. Pl. 2: 989 (1753)
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
- Aellen in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. 3,2: 465–516 (1959)
- Townsend in Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 7 & 8: 63–66 (1977).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 427 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 989 (1753)
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0