- Family: Euphorbiaceae Juss.
Tragia Plum. ex L.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is America, Tropical & S. Africa to Indian Subcontinent, Australia.
Descriptions
According to Flora Zambesiaca
[FZ]Euphorbiaceae, A. Radcliffe-Smith. Flora Zambesiaca 9:4. 1996
- Habit
- Monoecious or dioecious erect, suberect or scandent perennial herbs or shrubs; indumentum simple, usually intermixed with stinging bristles.
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, petiolate or sessile, stipulate, usually simple, rarely lobed, dentate, serrate or entire, often cordate, palminerved.
- Bracts
- Bracts conspicuous, persistent, the male bracts 1–3-flowered, the female bracts 1-flowered.
- Inflorescences
- Pedicels jointed, 2-bracteolate. Inflorescences terminal, leaf-opposed or lateral, rarely axillary, racemose, male or female or usually mostly male with 1(3) female flowers at the base, pedunculate.
- Flowers
- Male flowers: calyx closed in bud, later splitting into 3(6) valvate lobes; petals absent; disk absent or obscure; stamens (1)3(5), (rarely more outside tropical Africa), alternating with the calyx lobes, filaments short, usually ± free, anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed or basifixed, usually introrse, the cells parallel, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode minute, often 3-radiate. Female flowers: calyx lobes 3–6, 1- or 2-seriate, imbricate, pinnatifid or ± palmatifid, usually with a narrow central rhachis and one terminal and several dark green lateral lobules which are often longer than the width of the calyx-lobe rhachis (entire in the Neotropics), accrescent (not accrescent outside tropical Africa), the calyx-lobe rhachis later becoming hardened and sometimes almost woody; petals absent; disk absent; ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule per cell; styles 3, connate below, free above, entire.
- Fruits
- Fruit 3-lobed, dehiscing into 3 bivalved cocci; endocarp crustaceous; columella 3-fid.
- Seeds
- Seeds globose, marbled, ecarunculate; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy, cotyledons broad and flat.
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Euphorbiaceae, A. R.-Smith. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1987
- Habit
- Erect, suberect, scrambling or twining monoecious or rarely dioecious perennial or rarely annual herbs or shrubs with a simple indumentum, urticating and/or non-urticating
- Leaves
- Leaves alternate, petiolate to subsessile or sessile, stipulate, simple to palmatisect, sharply serrate or dentate to entire, often cordate, palminerved
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescences terminal, leaf-opposed or lateral, rarely axillary, racemose, ♂ or ♀ or usually mostly ♂ with 1–2(–3) ♀ flowers at the base, pedunculate; bracts conspicuous, persistent, the ♂ bracts 1–3-flowered, the ♀ ones 1-flowered; pedicels articulate, bibracteolate
- Male
- Male flowers: calyx closed in bud, later splitting into 3(–5) valvate lobes; petals 0; disc 0 or obscure; stamens (1–)3(–5), rarely more (not E. Africa), when 3 alternating with the calyx-lobes, filaments very short, usually ± free, anthers 2-thecous, dorsifixed or almost basifixed, introrse or rarely extrorse, the thecae parallel, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode minute, often triradiate, or obsolete
- Flowers
- Female flowers: calyx-lobes 3 or 6, uniseriate or biseriate, imbricate, entire (not E. Africa) or pinnatifid to subpalmatifid, accrescent (E. Africa), the median portion becoming indurated; petals 0; disc 0; ovary 3-locular, with one ovule per locule; styles 3, connate below into a slender column, free above, entire Male flowers: calyx closed in bud, later splitting into 3(–5) valvate lobes; petals 0; disc 0 or obscure; stamens (1–)3(–5), rarely more (not E. Africa), when 3 alternating with the calyx-lobes, filaments very short, usually ± free, anthers 2-thecous, dorsifixed or almost basifixed, introrse or rarely extrorse, the thecae parallel, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode minute, often triradiate, or obsolete
- Female
- Female flowers: calyx-lobes 3 or 6, uniseriate or biseriate, imbricate, entire (not E. Africa) or pinnatifid to subpalmatifid, accrescent (E. Africa), the median portion becoming indurated; petals 0; disc 0; ovary 3-locular, with one ovule per locule; styles 3, connate below into a slender column, free above, entire
- Fruits
- Fruit 3-lobed, dehiscing into 3 bivalved cocci (rarely also monospermous fruits developed); cocci subglobose, rarely slightly angled dorsally; endocarp crustaceous; columella trifid
- Seeds
- Seeds globose, marmorate, ecarunculate; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Alabama, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, California, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, Chad, Colombia, Colorado, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Honduras, Illinois, India, Indiana, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Leeward Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Mozambique, Namibia, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oklahoma, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Socotra, Somalia, South Carolina, Southwest Caribbean, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Virginia, West Himalaya, Windward Is., Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Accepted Species
- Tragia abortiva M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia acalyphoides Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia adenanthera Baill.
- Tragia adenophila Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia affinis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
- Tragia aliena Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia amblyodonta (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia angolensis Müll.Arg.
- Tragia arabica (Müll.Arg.) Baill. ex Prain
- Tragia arnhemica P.I.Forst.
- Tragia ashiae M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia aurea Rusby
- Tragia bahiensis Müll.Arg.
- Tragia balfourii Prain
- Tragia ballyi Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia baroniana Prain
- Tragia benthamii Baker
- Tragia betonicifolia Nutt.
- Tragia bicolor Miq.
- Tragia biflora Urb. & Ekman
- Tragia boiviniana Müll.Arg.
- Tragia bongolana Prain
- Tragia brevipes Pax
- Tragia brevispica Engelm. & A.Gray
- Tragia capensis Thunb.
- Tragia caperonioides Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia catamarcensis Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia ceanothifolia Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia cearensis Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia chevalieri Beille
- Tragia chiltepeca Urtecho ex Mart.Gord. & R.Torres
- Tragia chlorocaulon Baill.
- Tragia cinerea (Pax) M.G.Gilbert & Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia cocculifolia Prain
- Tragia collina Prain
- Tragia cordata Michx.
- Tragia correae Huft
- Tragia crenata M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia cubensis Urb.
- Tragia cuneata Müll.Arg.
- Tragia descampsii De Wild.
- Tragia dinteri Pax
- Tragia dioica Sond.
- Tragia dodecandra Griseb.
- Tragia doryodes M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia durbanensis Kuntze
- Tragia fallacina Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia fasciculata Beille
- Tragia finalis P.I.Forst.
- Tragia friesii Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia furialis Bojer
- Tragia gardneri Prain
- Tragia geraniifolia Klotzsch ex Müll.Arg.
- Tragia giardelliae M.M.Gut. & Múlgura
- Tragia glabrescens Pax
- Tragia glanduligera Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia gracilis Griseb.
- Tragia guatemalensis Lotsy
- Tragia guyanensis Gillespie
- Tragia hassleriana Chodat
- Tragia hieronymi Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia hildebrandtii Müll.Arg.
- Tragia hispida Willd.
- Tragia imerinica Prain
- Tragia impedita Prain
- Tragia incana Klotzsch ex Müll.Arg.
- Tragia incisifolia Prain
- Tragia insuavis Prain
- Tragia involucrata L.
- Tragia ivohibeensis Leandri
- Tragia jonesii Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
- Tragia karsteniana Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia kirkiana Müll.Arg.
- Tragia laciniata (Torr.) Müll.Arg.
- Tragia laminularis Müll.Arg.
- Tragia lancifolia Dinter ex Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia lasiophylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia lassia Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
- Tragia leptophylla (Torr.) I.M.Johnst.
- Tragia leucandra Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia liberica Jongkind
- Tragia lippiifolia Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia lukafuensis De Wild.
- Tragia mazoensis Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia melochioides Griseb.
- Tragia mexicana Müll.Arg.
- Tragia meyeriana Müll.Arg.
- Tragia micromenes Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia mildbraediana Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Tragia minor Sond.
- Tragia mitis Hochst. ex Müll.Arg.
- Tragia mixta M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia moammarensis Baill.
- Tragia monadelpha Schumach. & Thonn.
- Tragia montana (Thwaites) Müll.Arg.
- Tragia negeliensis M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia nepetifolia Cav.
- Tragia nigricans Bush
- Tragia novae-hollandiae Müll.Arg.
- Tragia okanyua Pax
- Tragia pacifica McVaugh
- Tragia paxii Lourteig & O'Donell
- Tragia peltata Vell.
- Tragia perrieri Leandri
- Tragia petiolaris Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia physocarpa Prain
- Tragia pinnata (Poir.) A.Juss.
- Tragia platycalyx Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia plukenetii Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia plumieri Lourteig
- Tragia pogostemonoides Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia pohlii Müll.Arg.
- Tragia polyandra Vell.
- Tragia polygonoides Prain
- Tragia potosina Lundell
- Tragia praetervisa Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
- Tragia preussii Pax
- Tragia prionoides Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia prostrata Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia pungens (Forssk.) Müll.Arg.
- Tragia ramosa Torr.
- Tragia rhodesiae Pax
- Tragia rhoicifolia Chiov.
- Tragia rogersii Prain
- Tragia rubiginosa Huft
- Tragia rupestris Sond.
- Tragia sanjappae Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
- Tragia saxicola Small
- Tragia schlechteri Pax
- Tragia schweinfurthii Baker
- Tragia senegalensis Müll.Arg.
- Tragia shirensis Prain
- Tragia smallii Shinners
- Tragia sonderi Prain
- Tragia spathulata Benth.
- Tragia stipularis Radcl.-Sm.
- Tragia subhastata Poepp.
- Tragia subsessilis Pax
- Tragia tabulaemontana Gillespie
- Tragia tenuifolia Benth.
- Tragia tiverneana Leandri
- Tragia tripartita Schweinf.
- Tragia tristis Müll.Arg.
- Tragia triumfetoides M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia uberabana Müll.Arg.
- Tragia ukambensis Pax
- Tragia uncinata M.G.Gilbert
- Tragia urens L.
- Tragia urticifolia Michx.
- Tragia vogelii Keay
- Tragia volubilis L.
- Tragia wahlbergiana Prain
- Tragia wildemanii Beille
- Tragia yucatanensis Millsp.
Synonyms
Other Data
Tragia Plum. ex L. appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (10 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Harley, R.M. [51436], Brazil | K001205088 | |||
Hind, D.J.N. [50466/A], Brazil | K001205089 | |||
Giulietti, A.M. [1670], Brazil | K001205093 | |||
Giulietti, A.M. [1578], Brazil | K001205094 | |||
Hage, J.L. [1710], Brazil | K001205086 | |||
Carvalho, A.M. [1528], Brazil | K001205087 | |||
Arbo, M.M. [5806], Brazil | K001205090 | |||
Ule, E. [5013], Brazil | K001205092 | |||
Guedes, M.L.S. [7317], Brazil | K001205091 | |||
Tweedie [1994], Brazil | K001205095 |
Bibliography
First published in Sp. Pl.: 980 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euph. 9: 32 (1919).
- —F.T.A. 6, 1: 964
Flora Zambesiaca
- Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 421 (1754).
- Sp. Pl.: 980 (1753)
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Pax in E.P. IV. 147 (9): 32 (1919)
- Prain in F.T.A. 6(1): 964 (1913)
- G.P. 3(1): 329 (1880)
- Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 927 (1866)
- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 421 (1754)
- Sp. Pl.: 980 (1753)
Sources
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Plants and People Africa
Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
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