- Family: Araceae Juss.
Arisaema Mart.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is E. DR Congo to Ethiopia and Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula to Sakhalin and Malesia, Central & E. Canada to Mexico.
[CATE]
CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011. araceae.e-monocot.org
- Habitat
- Temperate, subtropical and upland tropical forest, more rarely savanna, lowland tropical forest (Sarawak), subdesert or montane grassland (up to 4500m alt.); geophytes, forest floor, rocky slopes, rarely in wet places, very rarely epiphytic.
- Diagnostic
- Geophytic herbs; leaves usually 1 to 2, blade compound, usually trisect, pedatisect or radiatisect, with reticulate fine venation; spadix with sterile terminal appendix of very variable shape and size; flowers unisexual, lacking perigone; male and female flowers usually appearing in separate inflorescences, sometimes both present in the same inflorescence. Differs from Pinellia in having the female zone free from the spathe, and lacking a transverse septum separating male and female zones.
- Distribution
- E. Zaïre to Ethiopia and Tanzania, Arabian Pen. to Sakhalin and Malesia, C. & E. Canada to Mexico.
- General Description
- HABIT : seasonally dormant or evergreen herbs, small to fairly large, stem usually a depressed-globose tuber producing tubercles or stolons, more rarely a branching, horizontal rhizome. LEAVES : 1-2, rarely 3, cataphylls often attractively mottled and spotted. PETIOLE : sheath usually rather long, imbricate to form a long, usually mottled pseudostem, margins either free or fused from base to apex and then with a fringed, ligulate mouth. BLADE : usually compound, trisect, radiatisect, pedatisect, very rarely simple and ovate, lobes 3-19 or sometimes more, usually lanceolate-elliptic, varying from linear to broadly ovate, elliptic or obovate, sometimes rhomboid, sessile or central leaflet often stalked, margin entire, serrate, erose or coarsely dentate; primary lateral veins of each lobe or division pinnate, forming submarginal collective vein, 1-2 conspicuous outer marginal veins also present, higher order venation reticulate. INFLORESCENCE : solitary, usually appearing with the leaves, sometimes before them, often subtended by conspicuous cataphylls, many species producing male and female inflorescences successively from the same tuber at different seasons (paradioecy). PEDUNCLE : very short to longer than petiole, rarely tuberculate in upper portion ( A. scortechinii), sometimes decurved in fruit. SPATHE : marcescent, usually unconstricted, rarely slightly constricted (e.g. A. flavum), lower part erect, convolute into cylindric, often longitudinally striped tube, tube mouth often with revolute to broadly or even grotesquely auriculate margins, blade usually strongly fornicate, sometimes erect, widely expanded to galeate, apex acute to long-acuminate, sometimes drawn into very long filiform, erect or drooping thread. SPADIX : free, unisexual or monoecious, female or monoecious spadices more robust and differing from male in appendix shape and presence of sterile organs, female zone densely flowered, usually conoid, male zone usually laxly flowered and contiguous with female in monoecious inflorescences, sterile terminal appendix erect, procurved or pendent, entirely hidden within spathe to very long-exserted, usually somewhat longer than spathe tube, stipitate or not, cylindric, clavate, rounded, rugose or apically echinate or drawn out into a sometimes very long thread, rarely lacking altogether ( A. exappendiculatum), often with a few subulate to filiform projections in basal part, more rarely entirely composed of long filiform projections. FLOWERS : unisexual, perigone absent. MALE FLOWER : 2-5-androus, filaments connate forming synandria, synandria ± distant from one another, sessile to long-stipitate, connective slender, usually inconspicuous, thecae shortly ovoid, dehiscing by short to long slit or pore, sometimes confluent into ± lunate or even circular compound thecae dehiscing by a single slit. POLLEN : very dry and powdery, inaperturate, spherical or subspheroidal, small (mean 22 µm., range 17-39 µm.), spinose. FEMALE FLOWER : ovary 1-locular, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, ovules 3-10, orthotropous, erect, funicle short, placenta basal, style short to attenuate, always narrower than ovary, stigma usually rather small, subhemispheric. BERRY : obovoid to obconic, rounded apically, rarely conical, usually few-seeded, bright red, rarely yellow, glossy. SEED : ovoid to globose, bearing a strophiole, testa hard, rough, light brown, embryo axile, endosperm copious.
[FTEA]
Araceae, S.J. Mayo. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1985
- Habit
- Erect, seasonally dormant herbs with subglobose tubers (rarely rhizomatous in some Asian species)
- Leaves
- Leaves radical, 1–3, subtended by several cataphylls; petioles not pulvinate apically; sheaths long, often imbricate to form a pseudostem; blade compound, pedately to radiately divided to base into elliptic to obovate acuminate lobes; primary lateral veins of lobes usually forming inframarginal veins, finer venation reticulate
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence erect, terminal, solitary, appearing with leaves Spathe convolute basally into a ± cylindric tube, upper part (limb) expanded, forward-curving or ± erect, acuminate, variously coloured or striped Spadix unisexual (paradioecious) or monoecious with basal pistillate part contiguous with central staminate part, always with terminal, sterile, smooth appendix of variable shape from clavate to filamentous, usually subcylindric in African species
- Flowers
- Flowers unisexual, without perigon Staminate flowers ± distant, each with 2–5 stamens; filaments connate; anthers free to connate, dehiscing by pores or straight to lunate slits; connective slender Pistillate flowers congested; ovary unilocular; ovules 1–9; placentation basal; stigma sessile or on short conic style, capitate
- Male
- Staminate flowers ± distant, each with 2–5 stamens; filaments connate; anthers free to connate, dehiscing by pores or straight to lunate slits; connective slender
- Female
- Pistillate flowers congested; ovary unilocular; ovules 1–9; placentation basal; stigma sessile or on short conic style, capitate
- Fruits
- Berries fleshy, glossy orange to scarlet, few-seeded, borne in cylindric to conic infructescence
- Seeds
- Seeds subglobose; endosperm copious; embryo axile.
[FSOM]
M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS
- Habit
- Erect herbs with subglobose tubers
- Leaves
- Leaves basal, 1–3, with long sheaths often imbricate to form a pseudostem; blade compound, pedately to radiately divided to the base into acuminate lobes
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence terminal, solitary, appearing with the leaves
- Spathe
- Spathe forming a tube in lower part, upper part expanded into a limb
- Spadix
- Spadix unisexual or monoecious with basal pistillate part, central staminate part and sterile apical part
- Flowers
- Male flowers with 2–5 stamens; filaments united; anthers free to united, dehiscing by pores or slits Flowers unisexual, without perianth Female flowers with 1-celled ovary; stigma sessile or on short conical style
- Fruits
- Berries orange to red, few-seeded, in cylindrical to subglobose infructescence
- Seeds
- Seeds subglobose, with endosperm.
- Distribution
- Some 200 species, the majority in subtropical and temperate East Asia, but also in tropical Asia, North and Central America and in the mountains of Africa and Arabia.
Native to:
Afghanistan, Alabama, Andaman Is., Arkansas, Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Burundi, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Florida, Georgia, Hainan, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Korea, Kuril Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Maine, Malaya, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Myanmar, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Rwanda, Sakhalin, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Uganda, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yemen, Zaïre
- Arisaema abei Seriz.
- Arisaema aequinoctiale Nakai & F.Maek.
- Arisaema agasthyanum Sivad. & C.S.Kumar
- Arisaema album N.E.Br.
- Arisaema amurense Maxim.
- Arisaema anatinum Brugg.
- Arisaema angustatum Franch. & Sav.
- Arisaema anomalum Hemsl.
- Arisaema aprile J.Murata
- Arisaema aridum H.Li
- Arisaema asperatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema attenuatum E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema auriculatum Buchet
- Arisaema austroyunnanense H.Li
- Arisaema averyanovii V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce
- Arisaema balansae Engl.
- Arisaema bannaense H.Li
- Arisaema barbatum Buchet
- Arisaema barnesii C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema bathycoleum Hand.-Mazz.
- Arisaema bockii Engl.
- Arisaema bogneri P.C.Boyce & H.Li
- Arisaema bonatianum Engl.
- Arisaema bottae Schott
- Arisaema brinchangense Y.W.Low, Scherber. & Gusman
- Arisaema brucei H.Li, R.Li & J.Murata
- Arisaema burmaense P.C.Boyce & H.Li
- Arisaema calcareum H.Li
- Arisaema candidissimum W.W.Sm.
- Arisaema caudatum Engl.
- Arisaema chauvanminhii Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & N.L.Vu
- Arisaema chenii Z.X.Ma & Yi Jun Huang
- Arisaema chumponense Gagnep.
- Arisaema ciliatum H.Li
- Arisaema clavatum Buchet
- Arisaema claviforme Brugg., J.Ponert, Rybková & Vuong
- Arisaema concinnum Schott
- Arisaema condaoense V.D.Nguyen
- Arisaema consanguineum Schott
- Arisaema constrictum E.Barnes
- Arisaema cordatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart.
- Arisaema cucullatum M.Hotta
- Arisaema dahaiense H.Li
- Arisaema decipiens Schott
- Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott
- Arisaema echinatum (Wall.) Schott
- Arisaema echinoides H.Li
- Arisaema ehimense J.Murata & J.Ohno
- Arisaema elephas Buchet
- Arisaema enneaphyllum Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott
- Arisaema exappendiculatum H.Hara
- Arisaema fargesii Buchet
- Arisaema filiforme (Reinw.) Blume
- Arisaema fimbriatum Mast.
- Arisaema fischeri Manudev & Nampy
- Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott
- Arisaema formosanum (Hayata) Hayata
- Arisaema franchetianum Engl.
- Arisaema fraternum Schott
- Arisaema galeatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema garrettii Gagnep.
- Arisaema ghaticum (Sardesai, S.P.Gaikwad & S.R.Yadav) Punekar & Kumaran
- Arisaema grapsospadix Hayata
- Arisaema griffithii Schott
- Arisaema guangxiense G.W.Hu & H.Li
- Arisaema hainanense C.Y.Wu ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng
- Arisaema handelii Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz.
- Arisaema heterocephalum Koidz.
- Arisaema heterophyllum Blume
- Arisaema honbaense Luu, Tich, G.Tran & V.D.Nguyen
- Arisaema hunanense Hand.-Mazz.
- Arisaema ilanense J.C.Wang
- Arisaema inaense (Seriz.) Seriz. ex K.Sasam. & J.Murata
- Arisaema inclusum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. ex B.D.Jacks.
- Arisaema intermedium Blume
- Arisaema ishizuchiense Murata
- Arisaema iyoanum Makino
- Arisaema jacquemontii Blume
- Arisaema japonicum Blume
- Arisaema jethompsonii Thiyagaraj & P.Daniel
- Arisaema jingdongense H.Peng & H.Li
- Arisaema kawashimae Seriz.
- Arisaema kerrii Craib
- Arisaema kishidae Makino ex Nakai
- Arisaema kiushianum Makino
- Arisaema kuratae Seriz.
- Arisaema lackneri Engl.
- Arisaema laminatum Blume
- Arisaema langbiangense Luu, Nguyen-Phi & H.T.Van
- Arisaema leschenaultii Blume
- Arisaema lichiangense W.W.Sm.
- Arisaema lidaense J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema lihengianum J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema limbatum Nakai & F.Maek.
- Arisaema lingyunense H.Li
- Arisaema lobatum Engl.
- Arisaema longipedunculatum M.Hotta
- Arisaema longitubum Z.X.Ma
- Arisaema lushuiense G.W.Hu & H.Li
- Arisaema macrospathum Benth.
- Arisaema madhuanum Nampy & Manudev
- Arisaema maekawae J.Murata & S.Kakish.
- Arisaema mairei H.Lév.
- Arisaema maximowiczii (Engl.) Nakai
- Arisaema maxwellii Hett. & Gusman
- Arisaema mayebarae Nakai
- Arisaema melanostoma Z.X.Ma, X.Yun Wang & W.Y.Du
- Arisaema meleagris Buchet
- Arisaema menglaense Y.H.Ji, H.Li & Z.F.Xu
- Arisaema microspadix Engl.
- Arisaema mildbraedii Engl.
- Arisaema minamitanii Seriz.
- Arisaema minus (Seriz.) J.Murata
- Arisaema monophyllum Nakai
- Arisaema mooneyanum M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema muratae Gusman & J.T.Yin
- Arisaema muricaudatum Sivad.
- Arisaema murrayi (J.Graham) Hook.
- Arisaema nagiense Tom.Kobay., K.Sasam. & J.Murata
- Arisaema nambae Kitam.
- Arisaema negishii Makino
- Arisaema nepenthoides (Wall.) Mart.
- Arisaema nikoense Nakai
- Arisaema nilamburense Sivad.
- Arisaema nonghinense Klinrat. & Yannawat
- Arisaema odoratum J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema ogatae Koidz.
- Arisaema omkoiense Gusman
- Arisaema ornatum Miq.
- Arisaema ovale Nakai
- Arisaema pachystachyum Hett. & Gusman
- Arisaema pallidum Engl.
- Arisaema pangii H.Li
- Arisaema parisifolium J.Murata
- Arisaema parvum N.E.Br. ex Hemsl.
- Arisaema pattaniense Gagnep.
- Arisaema peerumedense J.Mathew
- Arisaema peltatum C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema penicillatum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema petelotii K.Krause
- Arisaema petiolulatum Hook.f.
- Arisaema pianmaense H.Li
- Arisaema pierreanum Engl.
- Arisaema pingbianense H.Li
- Arisaema polyphyllum (Blanco) Merr.
- Arisaema prazeri Hook.f.
- Arisaema propinquum Schott
- Arisaema psittacus E.Barnes
- Arisaema quinatum (Nutt.) Schott
- Arisaema ramulosum Alderw.
- Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott
- Arisaema rostratum V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce
- Arisaema roxburghii Kunth
- Arisaema rubrirhizomatum H.Li & J.Murata
- Arisaema ruwenzoricum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema sachalinense (Miyabe & Kudô) J.Murata
- Arisaema saddlepeakense P.S.N.Rao & S.K.Srivast.
- Arisaema sarracenioides E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema saxatile Buchet
- Arisaema sazensoo (Blume) Makino
- Arisaema schimperianum Schott
- Arisaema scortechinii Hook.f.
- Arisaema seppikoense Kitam.
- Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott
- Arisaema setosum A.S.Rao & D.M.Verma
- Arisaema siamicum Gagnep.
- Arisaema sikokianum Franch. & Sav.
- Arisaema silvestrii Pamp.
- Arisaema sinii K.Krause
- Arisaema sizemoreae Hett. & Gusman
- Arisaema smitinandii S.Y.Hu
- Arisaema somalense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema souliei Buchet
- Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart.
- Arisaema subulatum Manudev & Nampy
- Arisaema sukotaiense Gagnep.
- Arisaema taiwanense J.Murata
- Arisaema tashiroi Kitam.
- Arisaema tengtsungense H.Li
- Arisaema ternatipartitum Makino
- Arisaema thunbergii Blume
- Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott
- Arisaema tosaense Makino
- Arisaema translucens C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
- Arisaema tuberculatum C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema ulugurense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema umbrinum Ridl.
- Arisaema undulatifolium Nakai
- Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Schott
- Arisaema vexillatum H.Hara & H.Ohashi
- Arisaema victoriae V.D.Nguyen
- Arisaema wangmoense M.T.An, H.H.Zhang & Q.Lin
- Arisaema wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw
- Arisaema wattii Hook.f.
- Arisaema wilsonii Engl.
- Arisaema wrayi Hemsl.
- Arisaema xuanweiense H.Li
- Arisaema yamatense (Nakai) Nakai
- Arisaema yunnanense Buchet
- Arisaema zhui H.Li
Arisaema Mart. appears in other Kew resources:
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malaysia | 16076.010 | |||
18906.000 | ||||
49821.000 | ||||
49903.000 | ||||
Bally, P.R.O. [B13031], Ethiopia | 32367.000 | |||
Verdcourt [3103], Kenya | K000499343 | |||
Meyer, F., Ethiopia | 32058.000 | |||
Naire, K.N. [TBGT 29359], India | 63646.000 | |||
Naire, K.N. [TBGT 29360], India | 63673.000 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8915], Nepal | K001131828 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8915], Nepal | K001131829 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8915], Nepal | K001131830 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8917], Nepal | K001131832 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8918], Nepal | K001131833 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8917], Nepal | K001131836 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8918], Nepal | K001131837 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8920], Nepal | K001131841 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8920], Nepal | K001131842 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8920], Nepal | K001131843 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8926], Nepal | K001131853 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8927], Nepal | K001131854 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8927], Nepal | K001131855 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8927], Nepal | K001131856 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8927], Nepal | K001131857 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8927], Nepal | K001131858 | |||
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 8927], Nepal | K001131859 | |||
Blinkworth, R. [Cat. no. 8928], India | K001131860 | |||
Blinkworth, R. [Cat. no. 8928], India | K001131861 | |||
Gomez, W. [Cat. no. 8925], Myanmar | K001131852 | |||
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 8924] | K001131851 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8921] | K001131844 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8921] | K001131845 |
First published in Flora 14(2): 459 (1831)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
Literature
Flora of Somalia
- Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
- Bull. 41: 261–278 (1986).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Mayo & Gilbert in K.B. (in prep.)
- Robyns & Tournay in B.J.B.B. 25: 395 (1955)
- Engl. in E.P. 73 (IV. 23F): 149 (1920)
- in Flora 14:459 (1831)
CATE Araceae
Haigh, A., Clark, B., Reynolds, L., Mayo, S.J., Croat, T.B., Lay, L., Boyce, P.C., Mora, M., Bogner, J., Sellaro, M., Wong, S.Y., Kostelac, C., Grayum, M.H., Keating, R.C., Ruckert, G., Naylor, M.F. and Hay, A., CATE Araceae, 17 Dec 2011.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0