- Family: Apocynaceae Juss.
Tabernaemontana Plum. ex L.
This genus is accepted, and its native range is Tropics & Subtropics.
Descriptions
According to Flora Zambesiaca
[FZ]Apocynaceae, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & F. K. Kupicha et al. Flora Zambesiaca 7:2. 1985
- Habit
- Shrubs or trees, repeatedly dichotomously branched and with 2 inflorescences in the forks when flowering (rarely one of the inflorescences not developing).
- Stem
- Bark with abundant white latex. Branchlets terete or elliptic on section in African species, often sulcate and angular when dried.
- Leaves
- Leaves opposite, those of a pair equal or unequal, petiolate (at least in species of the F.Z. area); petioles of a pair connate into a conspicuous ocrea, with colleters in the axils; lamina broadly to narrowly elliptic.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence distinctly pedunculate, corymbose, lax to congested.
- Bracts
- Bracts deciduous, but at least in species of the F.Z. area still present at anthesis.
- Flowers
- Flowers actinomorphic, except for the subequal sepals, fragrant.
- Calyx
- Sepals green or of different colour, almost free.
- Corolla
- Corolla white, pale yellow or mauve (Madagascan spp.), with an often green or greenish tube and a pale yellow throat, thick and carnose or thin; tube twisted, in species of the F.Z. area at least twice as long as the calyx; lobes in bud overlapping to the left and folded inwards, twisted, usually obliquely elliptic, usually curved to the right, spreading and often recurved later.
- Stamens
- Stamens included or less often exserted; filaments reduced to ridges or nearly so; anthers narrowly triangular, acuminate at the sterile apex, sagittate at the base, introrse, dehiscent throughout by a longitudinal slit.
- Pistil
- Ovary composed of two carpels, these barely to distinctly connate at the base and connected at the apex by the style; style often split at the base; disk absent (at least in species of the F.Z. area); clavuncula not coherent with the anthers and therefore the pistil still complete immediately after the corolla is shed.
- Fruits
- Fruit of two free or basally united subglobose, subellipsoid or pod-like carnose carpels (sometimes one remaining smaller or not developing); carpels opening along an adaxial line of dehiscence or not.
- Seeds
- Seeds several or many, enveloped by a thin variously coloured pulpy aril, nearly obliquely ellipsoid, with a deep groove to halfway its width at the hilar side; endosperm ruminate.
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Apocynaceae, E.A. Omino. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2002
- Habit
- Shrubs or trees repeatedly dichotomously branched
- Exudate
- Latex present in most parts
- Bark
- Bark smooth or rough, usually with large lenticels
- Branches
- Branches with large lenticels and conspicuous leaf scars; branchlets terete, glabrous
- Leaves
- Leaves opposite; petiole glabrous, those of a pair usually connate into a conspicuous ochrea, these frequently widened into intrapetolar stipules, with colleters in axils; blade glabrous on both sides (occasionally pubescent beneath in T. elegans), entire.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence terminal or in forks, corymbose
- Bracts
- Bracts deciduous, with colleters in axils, leaving large scars
- Flowers
- Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, sweet-scented
- Calyx
- Sepals imbricate in bud
- Corolla
- Corolla tube thin or thick and fleshy, twisted or not; lobes overlapping to the left, twisted, folded inwards, obliquely ellipsoid and falcate, curved to the right, often auriculate at the left side at the base
- Stamens
- Stamens included; filaments short or reduced to ridges; anthers sessile, narrowly triangular, acuminate at the sterile apex, sagittate at the base, with connectives adnate to the corolla
- Pistil
- Ovary superior, of two carpels, barely to distinctly connate at the base, connate at the apex by the style; pistil head not coherent with anthers, subglobose or cylindrical with 5 suborbicular or elliptic lobes at the apex and an entire undulate or lobed ring at the base
- Fruits
- Fruit of two separate or rarely basally united mericarps, subglobose to pod-like, baccate, dehiscent or not; aril pulpy, white, orange or red
- Seeds
- Seeds brown or black, with a deep groove on the hilar sides; endosperm copious, starchy, white, ruminate; embryo spatulate
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Repu, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Somalia, Southwest Caribbean, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Cook Is., Hawaii, Marquesas
Accepted Species
- Tabernaemontana abbreviata (J.F.Morales) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana africana Hook.
- Tabernaemontana alba Mill.
- Tabernaemontana alfaroi Donn.Sm.
- Tabernaemontana allenii (Woodson) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana alternifolia L.
- Tabernaemontana amplifolia L.Allorge
- Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq.
- Tabernaemontana angulata Mart. ex Müll.Arg.
- Tabernaemontana antheonycta Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana apoda C.Wright
- Tabernaemontana arborea Rose
- Tabernaemontana attenuata (Miers) Urb.
- Tabernaemontana aurantiaca Gaudich.
- Tabernaemontana bouquetii (Boiteau) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana bovina Lour.
- Tabernaemontana brachyantha Stapf
- Tabernaemontana brasiliensis (Leeuwenb.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana bufalina Lour.
- Tabernaemontana calcarea Pichon
- Tabernaemontana capuronii Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana cerea (Woodson) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana cerifera Pancher & Sebert
- Tabernaemontana chocoensis (A.H.Gentry) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana ciliata Pichon
- Tabernaemontana citrifolia L.
- Tabernaemontana coffeoides Bojer ex A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana columbiensis (L.Allorge) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana contorta Stapf
- Tabernaemontana cordata Merr.
- Tabernaemontana coriacea Link ex Roem. & Schult.
- Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. ex Wall.
- Tabernaemontana crassa Benth.
- Tabernaemontana crassifolia Pichon
- Tabernaemontana cumata Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana cuspidata Rusby
- Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.
- Tabernaemontana debrayi (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana dichotoma Roxb. ex Wall.
- Tabernaemontana disticha A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii Rose
- Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf
- Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf
- Tabernaemontana eubracteata (Woodson) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana eusepala Aug.DC.
- Tabernaemontana eusepaloides (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana flavicans Roem. & Schult.
- Tabernaemontana gamblei Subr. & A.N.Henry
- Tabernaemontana glabra (Benth.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana glandulosa (Stapf) Pichon
- Tabernaemontana grandiflora Jacq.
- Tabernaemontana granulosa Pit.
- Tabernaemontana hallei (Boiteau) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana hannae (M.Méndez & J.F.Morales) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl
- Tabernaemontana humblotii (Baill.) Pichon
- Tabernaemontana hystrix Steud.
- Tabernaemontana inconspicua Stapf
- Tabernaemontana laeta Mart.
- Tabernaemontana lagenaria Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana laurifolia L.
- Tabernaemontana leeuwenbergiana J.F.Morales
- Tabernaemontana letestui (Pellegr.) Pichon
- Tabernaemontana linkii A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana litoralis Kunth
- Tabernaemontana longipes Donn.Sm.
- Tabernaemontana lorifera (Miers) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana macrocalyx Müll.Arg.
- Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack
- Tabernaemontana markgrafiana J.F.Macbr.
- Tabernaemontana maxima Markgr.
- Tabernaemontana mixtecana L.O.Alvarado & Juárez-Jaimes
- Tabernaemontana mocquerysi Aug.DC.
- Tabernaemontana muricata Link ex Roem. & Schult.
- Tabernaemontana oaxacana (L.O.Alvarado) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana ochroleuca Urb.
- Tabernaemontana odoratissima (Stapf) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana oppositifolia (Spreng.) Urb.
- Tabernaemontana ovalifolia Urb.
- Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf
- Tabernaemontana palustris Markgr.
- Tabernaemontana panamensis (Markgr., Boiteau & L.Allorge) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.
- Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume
- Tabernaemontana pauli (Leeuwenb.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana peduncularis Wall.
- Tabernaemontana penduliflora K.Schum.
- Tabernaemontana persicariifolia Jacq.
- Tabernaemontana peschiera ined.
- Tabernaemontana phymata Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana polyneura (King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton
- Tabernaemontana psorocarpa (Pierre ex Stapf) Pichon
- Tabernaemontana remota Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana retusa (Lam.) Pichon
- Tabernaemontana robinsonii (Woodson) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana rostrata Wall.
- Tabernaemontana rupicola Benth.
- Tabernaemontana salomonensis (Markgr.) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana salzmannii A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana sambiranensis Pichon
- Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.
- Tabernaemontana sessilifolia Baker
- Tabernaemontana simulans (J.F.Morales & Q.Jiménez) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L.f.) Leeuwenb.
- Tabernaemontana solanifolia A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa Blume
- Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten
- Tabernaemontana stellata Pichon
- Tabernaemontana stenoptera (Leeuwenb.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana stenosiphon Stapf
- Tabernaemontana ternifolia D.J.Middleton
- Tabernaemontana thurstonii Horne ex Baker
- Tabernaemontana tomentosa (Greenm.) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl
- Tabernaemontana vanheurckii Müll.Arg.
- Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana venusta (J.F.Morales) A.O.Simões & M.E.Endress
- Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii Griseb.
Synonyms
- Anacampta Miers
- Anartia Miers
- Bonafousia A.DC.
- Camerunia (Pichon) Boiteau
- Capuronetta Markgr.
- Clerkia Neck.
- Codonemma Miers
- Conopharyngia G.Don
- Domkeocarpa Markgr.
- Ervatamia (A.DC.) Stapf
- Gabunia K.Schum.
- Hazunta Pichon
- Leptopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau
- Merizadenia Miers
- Muntafara Pichon
- Ochronerium Baill.
- Odontostigma A.Rich.
- Oistanthera Markgr.
- Pagiantha Markgr.
- Pandaca Noronha ex Thouars
- Pandacastrum Pichon
- Peschiera A.DC.
- Phrissocarpus Miers
- Protogabunia Boiteau
- Pterotaberna Stapf
- Quadricasaea Woodson
- Reichardia Dennst.
- Rejoua Gaudich.
- Sarcopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau
- Stemmadenia Benth.
- Stenosolen (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
- Taberna Miers
- Testudipes Markgr.
- Woytkowskia Woodson
Other Data
Tabernaemontana Plum. ex L. appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (8 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 1, 2005 | Prance, G.T. [5076], Brazil | K000989475 | ||
Aug 1, 2000 | Harley, R.M. [11141], Brazil | K000989476 | ||
Milliken, W. [863], Sulawesi | 64607.000 | |||
Rand, E.S. [6], Brazil | K000989478 | |||
Zappi, D.C. [448], Brazil | K000989474 | |||
Mbani, J. M. [95], Cameroon | K000086224 | |||
Parkinson, C.E. [413], Myanmar | Rejoua | 14627.000 | ||
Forman, L. [188] | Pagiantha | 6406.000 |
Bibliography
First published in Sp. Pl.: 210 (1753)
Accepted by
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Flora of West Tropical Africa
- —Pichon in Notulae Syst. 13: 230 (1948).
Flora Zambesiaca
- Leeuwenberg in Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16: 390 (1976).
- in Mém. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., Paris Sér. 2, 27: 225 (1949).
- Pichon in Not. Syst. 13: 247 (1947).
- Stapfin, F.T.A. 4, 1: 150 (1902)
- Sp. Pl. 1: 210 (1753).
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Leeuwenberg in Revision Tabernaemontana 1: 1–204 (1991)
- Sp. Pl.: 210 (1753)
Sources
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Interactive Key to Seed Plants of Malesia and Indo-China
The Malesian Key Group (2010) Interactive Key to Seed Plants of Malesia and Indo-China (Version 2.0, 28 Jul 2010) The Nationaal Herbarium Nederland Leiden and The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Science Photographs
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/