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  1. Family: Apiaceae Lindl.

    1. Foeniculum Mill.

        2. This genus is accepted, and its native range is Macaronesia, Medit to Ethiopia and W. Nepal.

    [FZ]

    Umbelliferae, J. F. M. Cannon. Flora Zambesiaca 4. 1978

    Habit
    Biennial or perennial herbs with pinnately divided leaves, with filiform ultimate segments.
    Inflorescences
    Umbels compound, bracts and bracteoles 0–few.
    Calyx
    Sepals absent.
    Corolla
    Petals yellow with strongly inturned apices.
    Fruits
    Fruit narrowly ovoid, very slightly laterally compressed; ribs fairly robust and obvious at maturity.
    Vittae
    Vittae solitary in the furrows.
    [FTEA]

    Umbelliferae, C.C. Townsend. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1989

    Habit
    Glabrous, strongly aromatic biennial or perennial
    Leaves
    Leaves 3–4-pinnate, continually dissected into fine, capillary segments
    Inflorescences
    Umbels compound, numerous, leaf-opposed; involucre and involucel none
    Flowers
    Flowers polygamous
    Calyx
    Calyx-teeth absent
    Corolla
    Petals yellow, glabrous, strongly incurved at the tip and ± emarginate
    Fruits
    Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, only slightly compressed laterally, the mericarps scarcely narrowed to the broad commissure; primary ribs pale, conspicuous, stout and prominent, the marginal ribs not or scarcely larger than the dorsals; valleculae each with a single, broad, dark vitta; commissure with 2 vittae equalling or slightly smaller than the dorsal ones; stylopodia conical, somewhat elongating in fruit; carpophore deeply bifid
    Seeds
    Endosperm depressed-pentagonal, distinctly sulcate below the vittae
    Distribution
    One polymorphic species widely distributed in Europe, the Mediterranean and SW. Asia; even within this region its native area is blurred by naturalisation from cultivation as a condiment, which is its normal status in tropical Africa
    Note
    It is probably genuinely native in the Mediterranean region.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azores, Baleares, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Chad, Corse, East Aegean Is., Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Gulf States, Iran, Italy, Kriti, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Portugal, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Yugoslavia

    Introduced into:

    Amsterdam-St.Paul Is, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, California, Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Germany, Great Britain, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Haiti, Hungary, Illinois, India, Inner Mongolia, Ireland, Jamaica, Juan Fernández Is., Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Manchuria, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Mexico, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Niue, Norfolk Is., Northern Provinces, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Rodrigues, Romania, Réunion, Society Is., Somalia, South European Russi, St.Helena, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tennessee, Tibet, Ukraine, Uruguay, Windward Is., Xinjiang, Zimbabwe

    Foeniculum Mill. appears in other Kew resources:

    First published in Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4: s.p. (1754)

    Accepted by

    • Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1-50919.

    Literature

    Flora Zambesiaca
    • Gard. Diet., abridg. ed. 4, 1 (1754).
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • Gard. Dict., ed. 4 (abridged) (1754)

    Sources

    Flora Zambesiaca
    Flora Zambesiaca
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    Flora of Tropical East Africa
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0