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  1. Family: Poaceae Barnhart
    1. Genus: Miscanthus Andersson

      1. Miscanthus sinensis Andersson

        This species is accepted, and its native range is China to Malesia, Russian Far East to Temp. E. Asia.

    [GB]
    Habit
    Perennial; caespitose. Rhizomes short. Culms erect; 60-200 cm long; 3-7 mm diam. Leaves basal and cauline. Leaf-sheaths glabrous on surface. Leaf-sheath oral hairs bearded. Ligule a ciliolate membrane; 1-2 mm long. Leaf-blades 20-70 cm long; 6-20 mm wide.
    Inflorescences
    Inflorescence composed of racemes. Peduncle glabrous, or pubescent above. Racemes few, or numerous; 4-40; digitate; drooping, or ascending; 10-30 cm long. Central inflorescence axis 6-15 cm long. Rhachis tough; subterete; glabrous on surface. Rhachis internodes filiform; 4-8 mm long. Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets pedicelled; 2 in the cluster. Pedicels filiform; unequal; 1.5-6 mm long.
    Spikelets
    Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 4.5-7 mm long; falling entire. Spikelet callus bearded; base truncate. Spikelet callus hairs white; 1.3-1.7 length of spikelet.
    Fertile
    Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets lanceolate; dorsally compressed; 4.5-7 mm long; falling entire. Spikelet callus bearded; base truncate. Spikelet callus hairs white; 1.3-1.7 length of spikelet.
    Glume
    Glumes dissimilar; exceeding apex of florets; firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume lanceolate; 1 length of spikelet; chartaceous; without keels; 3 -veined. Lower glume surface flat. Lower glume apex entire, or dentate; 2 -fid; acute. Upper glume lanceolate; chartaceous; with membranous margins; without keels; 1-3 -veined. Upper glume margins ciliolate. Upper glume apex acute.
    Florets
    Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret oblong; 0.8 length of spikelet; hyaline; 1 -veined; without lateral veins; ciliolate on margins; obtuse. Fertile lemma lanceolate; 3-4.5 mm long; hyaline; without keel; 1 -veined. Lemma apex lobed; 2 -fid; incised 0.25-0.33 of lemma length; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn from a sinus; geniculate; 6-12 mm long overall; with twisted column. Palea 0.5 length of lemma.
    Flowers
    Anthers 3.
    Distribution
    Asia-temperate: Soviet far east, Caucasus, western Asia, China, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: Indo-China and Malesia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. Pacific: northwestern. North America: northeast USA, south-central USA, southeast USA, and Mexico. South America: southern South America.
    Reference
    Andropogoneae. Koyama.

    Images

    Distribution

    Native to:

    Borneo, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Japan, Jawa, Kazan-retto, Khabarovsk, Korea, Kuril Is., Laos, Maluku, Manchuria, Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Primorye, Sakhalin, South China Sea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

    Introduced into:

    Alabama, Arkansas, Austria, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, California, Chile Central, Colorado, Connecticut, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, Egypt, Florida, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Illinois, Italy, Kentucky, Louisiana, Marshall Is., Maryland, Masachusettes, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Uruguay, Virginia, West Virginia

    Miscanthus sinensis Andersson appears in other Kew resources:

    Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status
    Jan 1, 1971 Wright, C. [s.n.], Japan K001064378
    Dec 29, 1963 Yamazaki, T. [296], Japan K001064361
    Mar 1, 1962 McKee, H.S. [9004], New South Wales K001064499
    Dec 1, 1871 s.coll. [s.n.], Japan K001064396
    Hubbard, C.E. [8469], New South Wales K001064500
    Price, W.R. [1006], Taiwan K001064454
    Price, W.R. [1005], Taiwan K001064455
    Price, W.R. [1005], Taiwan K001064456
    Price, W.R. [1006], Taiwan K001064457
    McClure, F.A. [10146], China K001064429
    McClure, F.A. [10146], China K001064430
    Holttum, R.E. [24995], Peninsular Malaysia K001064491
    Holttum, R.E. [38435], Peninsular Malaysia K001064492
    Holttum, R.E. [25268], Borneo K001064493
    Burkill, H.M. [HMB 845], Peninsular Malaysia K001064490
    Murata, J. [15759], Japan K001064375
    Henry [1185], Taiwan K001064450
    Hinds [s.n.], Hong Kong K001064439
    Ridley [14033], Peninsular Malaysia K001064489
    Henry, A. [s.n.], Japan K001064377
    Henry, A. [5065], China K001064411
    Henry, A. [10014], China K001064421
    Henry, A. [s.n.], China K001064427
    Henry, A. [1185], Taiwan K001064451
    Henry, A. [1175], Taiwan K001064452
    Wright, C. [s.n.], Japan K001064390
    Wright, C. [s.n.], Japan K001064391
    Moseley [s.n.], Malaysia K001064495
    Tsang, W.T. [20750], China K001064432
    Ohwi, J. [s.n.], Japan K001064372
    Constable, E.F. [22672], New South Wales K001064497
    Constable, E.F. [11116], New South Wales K001064501
    Reeves [s.n.], China K001064426
    Faurie [3280], Japan K001064376
    Faurie [5097], Japan K001064402
    Long, B. [522], Pennsylvania K001064509
    Long, B. [522], Pennsylvania K001064510
    Licent, E. [2429], China K001064425
    Hu, S.Y. [8451], Hong Kong K001064435
    Hu, S.Y. [6403], Hong Kong K001064436
    Hu, S.Y. [6045], Hong Kong K001064441
    Hu, S.Y. [11195], Hong Kong K001064443
    Hu, S.Y. [8396], Hong Kong K001064444
    Hu, S.Y. [6052], Hong Kong K001064445
    Hu, S.Y. [8161], Hong Kong K001064447
    Hu, S.Y. [8395], Hong Kong K001064448
    Hu, S.Y. [8900], Hong Kong K001064449
    Tsiang, Y. [8841], China K001064431
    Kirkham [KFBX 151], South Korea K001064367
    Kirkham [ETOT200], Taiwan K001064453
    Schindler, A.K. [317], China K001064416
    Murata, G. [19239], Japan K001064407
    Vickery, J. [17889], New South Wales K001064496
    Chung, H.H. [2012], Fujian K001064417
    Chow, K.S. [78079], China K001064410
    Furuse, M. [1599], Japan K001064349
    Furuse, M. [4636], Japan K001064351
    Furuse, M. [42477], Japan K001064364
    Furuse, M. [46147], Japan K001064365
    Furuse, M. [4614746147], Japan K001064366
    Furuse, M. [41705], Japan K001064373
    Furuse, M. [41746], Japan K001064374
    Furuse, M. [13470], Japan K001064362
    Furuse, M. [39526], Japan K001064392
    Furuse, M. [28543], Japan K001064394
    Furuse, M. [26811], Japan K001064395
    Furuse, M. [11599], Japan K001064369
    Furuse, M. [6932], Japan K001064370
    Furuse, M. [7120], Japan K001064371
    Furuse, M. [1367], Japan K001064387
    Furuse, M. [1365], Japan K001064388
    Furuse, M. [1628], Japan K001064389
    Furuse, M. [4502], Japan K001064398
    Cheo, H.C. [388], China K001064415
    Takeda, H. [s.n.], Japan K001064406
    Sampson, T. [973], China K001064412
    Sampson, T. [809], China K001064428
    Kirkham, T. [151], South Korea K000493924
    Faurie, P. [10667], Japan K001064400
    Faurie, P. [4636], Japan K001064405
    Oldham, R. [300], Japan K001064401
    Ridley, H.M. [9102], Borneo K001064494
    Henderson, D.L.W. [299], New South Wales K001064498
    Savatier, P.A.L. [1504], Japan K001064404
    Rockhill, W.W. [s.n.], China K001064422
    Yasuda, K. [1815], Japan K001064350
    Keng [3895], China K001064409
    Keng [s.n.], China K001064423
    s.coll. [s.n.], China K001064413
    s.coll. [546], Hong Kong K001064438
    s.coll. [s.n.], Hong Kong K001064440
    Tanaka, H. [s.n.], Japan K001064393
    Tanaka, H. [s.n.], Japan K001064397
    Tanaka, H. [s.n.], Japan K001064403
    But, P. [279], Hong Kong K001064434
    But, P. [278a], Hong Kong K001064437
    Hickin, H.J. [s.n.], China K001064419
    Du Toit, P.C.V. [1176], South Africa K001064504
    Hu, H.H. [571], China K001064418
    Hu, H.H. [571], China K001064420
    Maekawa, F. [7136], Japan K001064424
    Maruyama [1601], Japan K001064363
    Carson-Roberts, D. [s.n.], Hong Kong K001064433
    Xiao Bai-Zhong [4723], China K001064408
    Nie, M. [92281], China K001064414
    Asai, Sya [21362], Taiwan K001064442
    Hu, A.Y. [9301], Hong Kong K001064446
    Rehon, J. [s.n.], South Africa K001064505
    Brumbach, W.M. [6925], Pennsylvania K001064506
    Britt, R.F. [3054], North Carolina K001064507
    Gillis, W.T. [14376], Michigan K001064508
    Walker, E. [7773], Japan K001064399
    Wykeham Perry, R [s.n.], Korea K001064368
    Taquet [1782], Korea Miscanthus sinensis subsp. purpurascens K001064475

    First published in Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 166 (1855)

    Accepted by

    • Engelmaier, P. & Wilhalm, T. (2018). Alien grasses (Poaceae) in the flora of the Eastern Alps Neilreichia 9: 177-245.
    • Serviss, B.E., Peck, J.H. & Graves, T.A. (2014). The first naturalised occurance of the Cannaceae family in the Arkansas (U.S.A.) flora, with additional new and noteworthy Angiosperm records from the state Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 8: 637-639.
    • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
    • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
    • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
    • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
    • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348.
    • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
    • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
    • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
    • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
    • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
    • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
    • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
    • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
    • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal’nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
    • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.

    Literature

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    • Engelmaier, P. & Wilhalm, T. (2018). Alien grasses (Poaceae) in the flora of the Eastern Alps Neilreichia 9: 177-245.
    • Serviss, B.E., Peck, J.H. & Graves, T.A. (2014). The first naturalised occurance of the Cannaceae family in the Arkansas (U.S.A.) flora, with additional new and noteworthy Angiosperm records from the state Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 8: 637-639.
    • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
    • Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
    • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
    • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
    • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348.
    • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
    • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
    • Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
    • Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
    • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
    • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
    • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
    • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
    • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
    • Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal’nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
    • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
    • Masamune, G. (1942). Enumeratio phanerogamarum Bornearum: 1-739. Taihoku, Formosa.
    • Camus, E.G. & Camus, A. in H. Lecomte (1922). Flore Générale de l'indo-Chine 1(3): 193-336.

    Sources

    Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew

    GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

    Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
    'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

    Kew Backbone Distributions
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
    The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
    © Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

    Kew Science Photographs
    Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/