- Family: Salvadoraceae Lindl.
- Genus: Azima Lam.
Azima tetracantha Lam.
- Genus: Azima Lam.
This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & S. Africa, W. Indian Ocean, Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar.
Descriptions
According to Flora Zambesiaca
[FZ]Salvadoraceae, A. R. Vickery. Flora Zambesiaca 7:1. 1983
- Habit
- Dioecious shrubs to 3(5) m. high, stems usually much branched, sometimes scrambling, bearing paired or solitary axillary straight spines.
- Stem
- Young stems green, sometimes 4–angled, glabrous or pubescent.
- Leaves
- Leaf–blades elliptic or oblong to suborbicular, 1·3–5·0 cm. long, 0·7–4·5 cm. wide, with stiff mucro at apex.
- Flowers
- Flowers small, in axillary clusters, often elongating, into interrupted spikes near ends of twigs. Male flowers: stamens inserted at base of rudimentary ovary, alternating with petals, anthers exserted. Female flowers: staminoides with short filaments bearing sagittate sterile anthers; ovary up to 4–5 mm. long; 2–locular with 1–2 ovules per locule; stigma sessile.
- Calyx
- Calyx campanulate, 4–toothed, 2–4 mm. long.
- Corolla
- Corolla greenish, petals 4, 2–5 mm. long.
- Male
- Male flowers: stamens inserted at base of rudimentary ovary, alternating with petals, anthers exserted.
- Female
- Female flowers: staminoides with short filaments bearing sagittate sterile anthers; ovary up to 4–5 mm. long; 2–locular with 1–2 ovules per locule; stigma sessile.
- Fruits
- Berries green, turning white, 0·6–0·8 cm. diameter, stigma persistent.
- Seeds
- Seeds discoidal, dark brown.
According to Flora of Tropical East Africa
[FTEA]Salvadoraceae, B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1968
- Habit
- A much branched, tangled, evergreen shrub, 0.6–3 m. tall, with spines up to 3.5 cm. or more long, pale green, glabrous, slightly pubescent or hairy (in some Indian material); branches ± angled, often arching or scandent.
- Leaves
- Leaves yellow-green; lamina elliptic or oblong to suborbicular, 1.4–5.7(–6.5) cm. long, 0.5–5.6 cm. wide, mucronate (the mucro small but sharp); venation rather prominent.
- Flowers
- Flowers small, greenish, in small axillary clusters, often running into interrupted spikes at the ends of the twigs.
- Fruits
- Berries green, turning white, similar to those of mistletoe, ± 0.6–0.8 cm. in diameter.
- Seeds
- Seeds discoidal, black.
- Figures
- Fig. 1.
- Habitat
- In scrub on eroded ground, and particularly on ± saline soils near lakes and seasonal rivers, also in coastal bushland (often not far from high-water mark); 0–1120 m.
- Distribution
- K5 K6 K7 P T1 T2 T3 T5 T6 T8 U2 Z widespread from Arabia and the Somali Republic through East and Central Africa to South and South West Africa, Madagascar, Aldabra and Comoro Is., extending to India, Ceylon and Philippines
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Aldabra, Angola, Bangladesh, Burundi, Cape Provinces, Comoros, India, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Oman, Rwanda, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Mauritius
Synonyms
Other Data
Azima tetracantha Lam. appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (8 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 10, 2010 | Leliyo, G. [4307], Tanzania | K000545693 | ||
Jan 1, 1911 | Wight [1887], India | K000854321 | ||
Milne-Redhead, E. [7152], Kenya | 28463.000 | |||
Wood, J. [3129], South Africa | K000233338 | Unknown type material | ||
s.coll. [s.n.], India | K000854322 | |||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 7492] | Monetia barlerioides | K001127400 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 7492] | Monetia barlerioides | K001127401 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 7492] | Monetia barlerioides | K001127402 |
Bibliography
First published in Encycl. 1: 343 (1783)
Accepted by
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
- Mannheimer, C.A. & Curtis, B.A. (eds.) (2009). Le Roux and Müller's field guide to the trees and shrubs of Namibia, rev. ed.: 1-525. Macmillan Education Namibia, Windhoek.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
- Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
- Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
- Dassanayake (ed.) (1991). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 7: 1-439. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
- Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1981). Flore des Mascareignes 111-120: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
- Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
- Verdcourt, B. (1968). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Salvadoraceae: 1-9.
- Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1960). Flora Zambesiaca 1(1): 1-336. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Literature
Kew Backbone Distributions
- Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Mosti, S., Raffaelli, M. & Tardelli, M. (2012). Contributions to the flora of central-southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 67: 65-91.
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
- Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1981). Flore des Mascareignes 111-120: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
- Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1960). Flora Zambesiaca 1(1): 1-336. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Flora of Tropical East Africa
- Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 494 (1961).
- Robyns in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 9: 234, t. 26 (1960).
- Cufod., Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Supplement in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.) p. 486 (1958).
- J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 547 (1949).
- Robyns, Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert 1: 511 (1948).
- Engl., V. E. 3(2): 247, fig. 122/B (1921).
- Bak. in Flora of Tropical Africa 4(1): 22 (1902).
- Lam., Illustr., t. 807 (1799).
- Lam., Encycl. 1: 343 (1783)
Sources
Art and Illustrations in Digifolia
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew
Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
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Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0