- Family: Poaceae Barnhart
- Genus: Urochloa P.Beauv.
Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D.Webster
- Genus: Urochloa P.Beauv.
This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & S. Africa, W. Indian Ocean, Arabian Peninsula.
Descriptions
According to GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora under the synonym Panicum mahafalense
[GB]- Habit
- Perennial; caespitose. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; 40-80 cm long. Culm-internodes elliptical in section; distally glabrous. Culm-nodes glabrous. Lateral branches lacking, or sparse. Leaf-sheaths glabrous on surface. Ligule a ciliolate membrane; truncate. Leaf-blades 15-40 cm long; 2-10 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface glabrous; hairless throughout, or except near base.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open; ovate; 10-25 cm long. Primary panicle branches ascending, or spreading; 5-15 cm long. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels filiform; flexuous; 5-10 mm long.
- Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; dorsally compressed; acute; 2.5-3 mm long; falling entire.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; dorsally compressed; acute; 2.5-3 mm long; falling entire.
- Glume
- Glumes reaching apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma; gaping. Lower glume orbicular; 0.24-0.33 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 1-3 -veined. Lower glume surface pubescent. Lower glume apex obtuse; muticous, or mucronate. Upper glume ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 5 -veined. Upper glume surface pubescent. Upper glume apex acute.
- Florets
- Basal sterile florets male; with palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret similar to upper glume; oblong; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; 5-7 -veined; pubescent; acute. Fertile lemma oblong; dorsally compressed; 2.5-3 mm long; indurate; pallid; without keel. Lemma surface rugose. Lemma margins convolute. Lemma apex obtuse. Palea involute; indurate.
- Distribution
- Africa: western Indian ocean.
- Reference
- Paniceae. Gr Madag 1997.
According to GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora under the synonym Panicum mananarense
[GB]- Habit
- Perennial. Rhizomes short. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; 1.5 mm diam.; rooting from lower nodes. Culm-internodes smooth; distally glabrous. Lateral branches ample. Leaf-sheaths loose; striately veined; glabrous on surface. Ligule a ciliolate membrane. Leaf-blades linear, or lanceolate; 20-25 cm long; 4-5 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface glabrous; hairless except near base. Leaf-blade margins smooth, or scaberulous. Leaf-blade apex acuminate.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle. Peduncle 5-20 cm long. Panicle open; ovate; loose; 10-16 cm long; 2.5-3 cm wide. Primary panicle branches distant; 4-5 -nate; whorled at lower nodes; simple, or sparsely divided. Panicle branches capillary; flexuous. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels flexuous; unequal; 1.5-5 mm long.
- Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic, or oblong; dorsally compressed; 2.5-2.8 mm long; falling entire.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic, or oblong; dorsally compressed; 2.5-2.8 mm long; falling entire.
- Glume
- Glumes dissimilar; reaching apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate; 0.7 mm long; 0.25-0.33 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 5 -veined. Lower glume surface tuberculate. Lower glume apex emarginate, or obtuse. Upper glume ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels. Upper glume surface tuberculate. Upper glume apex obtuse.
- Florets
- Basal sterile florets barren; without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret similar to upper glume; ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous. Fertile lemma elliptic; dorsally compressed; 2-2.2 mm long; indurate; without keel. Lemma surface punctate; rugulose. Lemma margins involute. Palea involute; indurate.
- Distribution
- Africa: western Indian ocean.
- Reference
- Paniceae. Camus 2007.
According to GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora under the synonym Panicum maximum
[GB]- Habit
- Perennial, or annual (rarely); caespitose. Rhizomes short. Butt sheaths pubescent. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; robust, or of moderate stature, or slender; (25-)75-200(-450) cm long; without nodal roots, or rooting from lower nodes. Culm-internodes distally glabrous, or hispid, or pilose. Culm-nodes glabrous, or bearded. Leaf-sheaths wider than blade at the collar, or as wide as blade at the collar. Ligule a ciliate membrane. Leaf-blades linear, or lanceolate; (6-)12-40(-100) cm long; (4-)12-35 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface glabrous, or pubescent, or pilose. Leaf-blade apex acuminate.
- Inflorescences
- Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open; oblong, or pyramidal; 12-45(-60) cm long. Primary panicle branches ascending, or spreading; whorled at lower nodes. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels straight, or flexuous; glabrous, or bearing a few hairs; hairy at tip.
- Spikelets
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; dorsally compressed; obtuse, or acute; (2.5-)3-4.5(-5) mm long; falling entire.
- Fertile
- Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets oblong; dorsally compressed; obtuse, or acute; (2.5-)3-4.5(-5) mm long; falling entire.
- Glume
- Glumes dissimilar; reaching apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate; 0.33-0.5 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 3 -veined. Lower glume surface glabrous, or pubescent. Lower glume apex obtuse, or acute. Upper glume ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 5 -veined. Upper glume surface glabrous, or pubescent. Upper glume apex acute.
- Florets
- Basal sterile florets male, or barren; with palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret similar to upper glume; ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; 5 -veined; without grooves; glabrous, or pubescent; acute. Fertile lemma oblong; dorsally compressed; 2.5-5 mm long; indurate; pallid; without keel. Lemma surface rugose. Lemma margins involute. Lemma apex obtuse. Palea involute; indurate. Palea surface rugose.
- Distribution
- Europe: southeastern. Africa: north, Macaronesia, west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, south, middle Atlantic ocean, and western Indian ocean. Asia-temperate: western Asia, Arabia, China, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Papuasia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. Pacific: southwestern, south-central, northwestern, and north-central. North America: south-central USA, southeast USA, and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, Caribbean, northern South America, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.
- Reference
- Paniceae. FTEA.
Images
Distribution
Native to:
Aldabra, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Mozambique Channel I, Namibia, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Oman, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Introduced into:
Alabama, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Ascension, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil North, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, California, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central American Pac, Chagos Archipelago, China Southeast, Colombia, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Madeira, Malaya, Mali, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Myanmar, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand North, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Is., Oklahoma, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Sicilia, Society Is., Solomon Is., Southwest Caribbean, Spain, Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Taiwan, Texas, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Turks-Caicos Is., Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Windward Is.
Synonyms
- Megathyrsus bivonanus (Brullo, Miniss., Scelsi & Spamp.) Verloove
- Megathyrsus maximus var. coloratus (C.T.White) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs
- Megathyrsus maximus var. pubiglumis (K.Schum.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs
- Milium arundinaceum J.Koenig ex Steud.
- Panicum airoides Flüggé ex Nees
- Panicum bivonianum Brullo, Miniss., Scelsi & Spamp.
- Panicum compressum Biv.
- Panicum confine Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Panicum eburneum Trin.
- Panicum giganteum Mez
- Panicum heynei Roth
- Panicum hirsutissimum Steud.
- Panicum jumentorum Pers.
- Panicum laeve Lam.
- Panicum mahafalense A.Camus
- Panicum mananarense A.Camus
- Panicum maximum Jacq.
- Panicum maximum var. coloratum C.T.White
- Panicum maximum subsp. pubescens M.Sharma
- Panicum maximum var. pubiglume K.Schum.
- Panicum maximum var. trichoglume Robyns
- Panicum pamplemoussense Steud.
- Panicum poiforme Willd. ex Spreng.
- Panicum polygamum Sw.
- Panicum praelongum Steud.
- Panicum praticola Salzm. ex Döll
- Panicum scaberrimum Lag.
- Panicum sparsum Schumach.
- Panicum teff Desv.
- Panicum tephrosanthum Hack.
- Panicum trichocondylum Steud.
- Panicum trichoglume K.Schum.
Common Names
- English
- Brown top buffel-grass, Bush buffalo grass, Common buffalo grass, Guinea grass
Other Data
Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D.Webster appears in other Kew resources:
Herbarium Catalogue (50 records)
Date | Reference | Identified As | Barcode | Type Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hinton, G.B. [4823], México State | K000476075 | |||
Jun 1, 2001 | Etuge, M. [1545], Cameroon | Panicum maximum | K000107874 | |
Jan 1, 1973 | Irwin, H.S. [9259], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059509 | |
Nov 1, 1935 | unknown [s.n.], Guinea | Panicum maximum | K000257020 | Unknown type material |
Jan 1, 1913 | Dusén, P. [14023], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059514 | |
Chevalier, A. [9625], Central African Republic | Panicum maximum | K000255586 | ||
Chevalier, A. [9543], Central African Republic | Panicum maximum | K000255585 | ||
Harley, R.M. [16628], Bahia | Panicum maximum | K000003776 | ||
Harley, R.M. [16628], Bahia | Panicum maximum | K000003775 | ||
Philcox, D. [3158], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059507 | ||
Maitland, T.D. [332], Cameroon | Panicum maximum | K000182334 | ||
Maitland, T.D. [152], Cameroon | Panicum maximum | K000182335 | ||
Maitland, T.D. [15], Cameroon | Panicum maximum | K000182336 | ||
Kerr, A.F.G. [s.n.], Thailand | Panicum maximum | K000620760 | ||
Banks, J. [s.n.], Jamaica | Panicum maximum | K000309161 | ||
Thomas [123], Kenya | Panicum maximum | K000255576 | syntype | |
Pohl [1152], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059522 | ||
Smitinand, T. [4841], Thailand | Panicum maximum | K000682752 | ||
Humbert, H. [28804], Madagascar | Panicum maximum | K001096176 | isotype | |
Spruce, R. [s.n.], Peru | Panicum maximum | K000201669 | ||
Vogel [128], Sierra Leone | Panicum maximum | K000257021 | Unknown type material | |
Irwin, H.S. [5531], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059508 | ||
Eiten, G. [10318], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059506 | ||
Swainson [s.n.], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059519 | ||
Swainson [s.n.], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059521 | ||
Riedel [952], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059515 | ||
Holst, C. [8716], Tanzania | Panicum maximum | K000255575 | syntype | |
Burchell, W.J. [1474], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059518 | ||
Burchell, W.J. [1711], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059523 | ||
Drège, South Africa | Panicum maximum | K000255541 | isosyntype | |
Menyhart [898], Mozambique | Panicum maximum | K000282439 | ||
Laegaard, S. [21751], Thailand | Panicum maximum | K000682751 | ||
Thronning [s.n.], Guinea | Panicum maximum | K000257022 | Unknown type material | |
Thronning [s.n.], Guinea | Panicum maximum | K000257023 | Unknown type material | |
Hoehne, W. [12697], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059511 | ||
Tweedie, J. [s.n.], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059517 | ||
Glaziou, A.F.M. [5437], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059510 | ||
Glaziou, A.F.M. [4333], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059513 | ||
Gaudichaud-Beaupre, C. [s.n.], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059516 | ||
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131359 | ||
Hatschbach, G.G. [14083], Brazil | Panicum maximum | K001059512 | ||
Brunt, M.A. [1040], Cameroon | Panicum maximum | K000182333 | ||
Chuml, H. [246], Cameroon | Panicum maximum | K000182332 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131353 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131354 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131355 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131356 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131357 | ||
s.coll. [Cat. no. 8715] | Panicum maximum | K001131358 | ||
s.coll. [s.n.] | Panicum maximum | K001059520 |
Bibliography
First published in Austral. Paniceae: 241 (1987)
Not accepted by
- Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Panicum maximum.]
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- Hubbard, C.E. & Vaughan, R.E. (1940). Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez: 1-128. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
- Robyns, W. (1934). Flore Agrostologique du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 2: 9-386. Goemaere, Bruxelles.
- de Cordemoy, E.J. (1895). Flore de l'ile de la Réunion: 1-574. Librairie des sciences naturelles Paul Klincksieck, Paris.
Sources
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Herbarium Catalogue Specimens
'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Kew Backbone Distributions
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2019. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Plants and People Africa
Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
© Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/